tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-105048742024-03-18T12:58:06.117-07:00CIENCIA<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.comBlogger1626125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-34769058938483789712020-08-26T16:20:00.027-07:002020-08-28T11:26:49.651-07:00SYNTERGIC THEORY<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2JR3jY6C1Ng" width="320" youtube-src-id="2JR3jY6C1Ng"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> <b><span style="color: red;">WHAT HAPPENED WITH JACOBO?</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="" style="background: white; color: #202122; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="" style="background: white; color: #202122; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Jacobo Grinberg
Zylberbaum (1946- 1994?), was a neurophysiologist with Jewish roots, born in
Mexico, where he was professor of Neurophysiology at the National University of
Mexico (UNAM) in which, he had contact with Mexican shamans, especially
those from Sonora (Llaquis) and with a Mexican woman: Pachita (Bárbara
Guerrero, a psychic surgeon), to whom he dedicate a book (Los Shamanes de México.
Pachita. A truthful testimony of the mind over the body. Ed. Heptada, Madrid,
1990), for allowing him to participate in her healing practices from which, due
to the extraordinary scenes he saw, he deduced the participation in them of a neural plane (of the Mexican shaman), on human matter and the underlying space.
When Grinberg describes the surgical practices performed by Pachita as amazing,
for making them appear out of nowhere: diseased kidneys that were <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>replaced with healthy ones in seconds, or damaged cerebral cortices that in seconds were replaced by healthy cerebral cortices
that also appeared instantly out of nowhere, leaving in the end the affected patients :healthy.
After analyzing the scientific bases of Pachita's psychic surgeries, Grinberg
imitated her procedures for a year, concluding that Pachita's healing ability
was the result of the interaction of two realities: a functioning neural field
around the shamans' brains <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and an
environmental spatio-temporal network (Grinberg-Zylberbaum, J. (1997). Ideas
About a New Psychophysiology of Consciousness: The Syntergic Theory. The
Journal of Mind and Behavior, 18 (4), 443-458. Retrieved August 26, 2020, from
<b>http://www.jstor.org/stable/43853834</b>). After revisiting these sessions,
Grinberg gave a rational explanation to what he observed, creating the Syntergic
Theory, where he proposed the existence of a continuum of spatial energy of
which the common human only perceives a portion from <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a basic spatial organization (matrix, <i>lattice</i>),
on which the neural plane of the shaman would act, producing physical
alterations of this space initially detected in the real world as elementary
particles and as complex distortions (visual, auditory perceptual
realities, objects, creation of experience, etc.): with field neuronal interactions <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>with levels of the <i>lattice</i>, in which each
floor represents a different level of consciousness (auditory, visual), with
the sum of activities at the highest level, contradicting the current concepts of
reality, envisioning the tremendous capacity of the human brain as a continuum
facilitated by Taoist meditation by enhancing all <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of our physiological systems, being the
initiate <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>able to observe even his own
brain activity (dipasha technique), visualizing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diseased tissues calmly (brain waves at 10 cycles
per second), promising the synergistic theory to be the theoretical framework
for the functioning of consciousness and his levels, explaining the creation of
perception.Suddenly Jacobo dissapeared in 1994.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-48496396780906242202020-08-09T12:03:00.001-07:002020-08-09T12:03:58.121-07:00BATS AND ITS EXTENDED LIFE SPAN<p><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/btuw0o7-jEM" width="320" youtube-src-id="btuw0o7-jEM"></iframe></b></div><b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p><b><span style="color: red;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2486-3">Taken from Nature</a></span></b></p><p><b><span style="color: red;"> BATS AND THE FIGHT AGAINST COVID-19</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><span face="" lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">According to
several ecologists, <b><u><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;">http://www.fao.org/3/a0789s03.html</span></u></b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> , </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>animals that populated the Earth before
humans, had a prolonged contact with viruses establishing between them an
adaptation or peaceful coexistence thanks to adaptation of their genetic and
immune systems. When in recent decades, humans began to ruthlessly predate and
pollute nature and take the lives of thousands of animals, viruses adapted to
them were forced to seek other bodily habitats to survive, leading to: <b>1)</b>
Terrifying pandemics in humans until they manage to adapt their genetic and
immune systems to viruses, establishing an adaptation or peaceful coexistence
with viruses, hoping that : <b>2)</b> With the help of science we will understand
the reason for being of the viruses and the characteristics of animal virus
reservoirs. In this sense, initially orienting oneself <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>towards the study of the genomes of bats is an
illuminating idea, since certain groups of viruses that cause great morbidity
and mortality are housed in the Ferreungulata group of mammals, which includes:
dogs, cats, seals , pangolins, bats, etc. An idea concretized in the formation
of the Bat1K consortium <b><u><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://bat1k.ucd.ie/,</span></u></b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span>a global group of
scientists, committed to sequencing the genomes of 1,421 species of bats, of
which 6 have been precisely sequenced so far, thanks to the tenacious work of
David Jebb (Center for Systems Biology Dresden/Max Planck Inst. for Cell
Biology and Genetics), Emma Teeling (Biologist/University College Dublin),
Sonja Vernes (Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication/Max Planck Institute), and
others, who using the new technology DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center Max Planck
Institute/Germany), <b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://dresden-concept.de/genome-center/?lang=en</span></b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> , </span>sequenced the DNA of 6
species of bats, identifying their genes with accuracy (98%), in the correct
order, with an unprecedented quality, showing for the first time, the encoded
genetic material of bats,</span><span lang="" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2486-3</span></b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> , </span>their unique
adaptations: ability to fly, use sound to move effortlessly in the dark,
survive and tolerate deadly diseases, extend their lifespan and resist cancer, being
identified <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>genomic changes associated
with unique adaptations, looking for genetic differences between bats and other
mammals, genetic regions that evolved differently in bats, with loss or gain of
genes, changes in auditory genes, to improve their echolocation, to hunt and
navigate in the dark, antiviral gene expansions, immune gene selections and
loss of inflammation genes, endowing bats with an exceptional immunity to
tolerate viruses, apart from the finding of <i>fossilized viruses</i> in their
genomes. An intense work, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in which Teely
and collaborators took blood samples from bats at different stages of their
lives by placing a chip on their legs, in search of vital biomarkers,
performing various molecular tests finding that:</span><span face="" lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 20pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span face="" lang="" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1) unlike most mammals where their telomeres shorten
after each cell division, triggering the need to die by becoming senescent
cells, which no longer replicate and attract healthy cells by aging them, the
telomeres of bats do not shorten with age, when cells divide and they also do
not have cancer, finding that 2 of their genes: TX and ATM, continue to evolve.
2) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>compared to the mitochondrial theory
that maintains that free radicals have the ability to destroy mitochondria, in
bats, their mitochondria develop mechanisms that limit the deleterious effects
of free radicals. 3) The sequencing of all blood transcriptomes revealed
changes that keep their DNA current as they age, as well as an increase in
their ability to repair their DNAs. 4) While in other mammals their microbiomes
change for the worse, the bat microbiome does not change with age 5) Bats,
present an active autophagy, capable of removing protein and cellular damage.
6) They maintain a balanced immune system, aimed at maintaining homeostasis,
canceling the inflammation produced by their high metabolism, demonstrated by
their high production of TNF and IL, solidifying the use in humans of
anti-inflammatory drugs in Covid-19 disease, according to the stage of disease.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-31608337199450639802020-07-21T18:24:00.004-07:002020-07-21T18:24:54.543-07:00SOUTH POLE WALL<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952,"><br /></a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952,">From Astrophysical Journal</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;">IS THE GREAT
ATTRACTOR, THE CENTER OF THE VISIBLE UNIVERSE?</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">According to Archimedes of Syracuse (287 BC-212
BC), the Greek Aristarchus of Samos (310 BC-230 BC), after calculating with the
help of the Pythagorean theorem (569 BC-475 BC), inferred that the Sun was 20
times (currently: 400 times), larger than Earth and therefore smaller planets
like Earth had to revolve around the Sun. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Copernicus (1473-1543), would hold the same,
albeit with more elaborate theoretical foundations, when addressing the
relations between the Earth and the Sun, maintaining that the first rotates
around the Sun, by means of movements of rotation, translation and declination,
which explained the seasons and the equinoxes. Later, Galileo (1564-1642), with
arguments of the causes of the tides, sunspots, rotation of Venus around the
Sun, and the presence of satellites rotating around Jupiter -and not around Earth-
would solidify the Heliocentric theory. After the discovery of the Milky Way
(1610), by Galileo with a simple telescope, cosmology was advanced, although it
would take 300 years to stop thinking that our Milky Way, containing our Solar
System at its center, was the only one galaxy of our visible universe</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">In 1920,
Edwin Hubble took a Copernican turn to cosmological studies, showing ¡oh,
surprise! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that our universe contained many
galaxies, therefore being larger and continuing to expand. With more powerful
telescopes, Hubble, was locating the position of various galaxies,
consolidating a more accurate and detailed cosmic mapping. Noting that the
spectral lines of the nebulae were deviated towards the red color (<i>redshift)</i>,
he understood that most galaxies were expanding. Hubble then said that galaxies
were moving away from us at a speed proportional to the distance that separates
us from them. The galaxies discovered in the following years allowed the
construction of larger maps of the universe, although still imperfect, creating
the need to make more discoveries, to create cosmological maps capable of
pinpointing the place in the cosmos where our solar system and planet are located.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">The most
recent cosmological findings related especially to galactic superclusters, are
truly disruptive and could determine the awarding of future Nobel Prizes to
scientists who generate new knowledge in this area</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">It has recently been published in the <i>Astrophysical
Journal,</i> 2020; 897; 133 (2). <b><a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952,">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952,</a>
</b>the article: <i>Cosmicflows-3. The South Pole Wall</i>, by Daniel Pomarede
(Paris-Saclay University), R. Brent Tully (University of Hawaii) and
collaborators, reporting the discovery of a gigantic galactic supercluster,
behind the south pole of our visible universe, with views captured by the
telescope: NASA Spitzer Space, showing a large-scale structure adjacent to a
galactic dust-obscured area, opposite to the Shapley supercluster, behind the Chameleon
Nebula, along a strip of ~ 1.37 millions of light years from the Perseus
constellation to the Apus constellation in the southern hemisphere. The authors
measured the distances of thousands of galaxies in strips of 600 million light
years, based on observations of the speeds of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>galaxies, as they deviated from those inferred
for universal expansion, used to model velocities and 3-D field densities, with
adjustments to satisfy the data and the Standard Model of Cosmology, working
with topological models that contained filaments, knots, voids and surfaces,
forming an interconnected network (cosmic web), with scales of 1 billion light
years (20,000km/sec), determining for the first time, the almost exact position
of our planet in the visible Universe. Astronomers use the term "<i>redshift,</i>"
to refer to: <b>a)</b> a referential measure to establish relative distances in
the universe, which allows them to discriminate between the motion caused by
cosmic expansion, and those caused by gravity <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and <b>b)</b> to determine the cosmic flows <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(travel paths of stars and galaxies), promoted
by universal expansive forces and those induced by gravitational
irregularities. According to several authors, the cosmos is flooded by
microwave radiation with an average temperature of 2.7 degrees Kelvin, since
the start of the <i>Big Bang</i>, being higher in certain sectors, hinting that
these microwave strips would be the routes by which the galaxies including our
Local Group, travel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in the direction -apparently
determined- of the Great Attractor, although according to Tully, the movement
towards this super-attractor would not be determined, but would be the result
of the confluence of forces of the South Pole Wall</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">and other superclusters, dark matter and gravity.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">From the South Pole Wall, we will only say that its
dimensions are comparable to that of other superclusters (Great Wall, Sloan
Great Wall, etc). By forming conglomerate of galaxies (clusters or
superclusters), it is noticeable on a large scale, that they are connected to
each other by interlocking filament chains producing intricate galactic
topological and geometric shapes, including dark and empty spaces, spanning
billions of light years. More close to us, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Milky Way formed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>small clusters of galaxies (Local Group),
appears located near the Virgo cluster, which together with other galaxies are
part of a gigantic supercluster: <b>Laniakea,</b> the same that is heading
faster than established by Hubble's law, towards the <b>Great Attractor</b>,
located just beyond the Centaurus Constellation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-72918524814085899992020-07-12T09:38:00.002-07:002020-07-12T09:38:28.322-07:00END OF THE UNIVERSE<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-will-the-universe-end-katie-mack-explains-20200622/">Taken from Quantamagazine</a></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: red;">HOW WILL THE END OF THE UNIVERSE BE?</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Although Kathie Mack, a professor of physics at North
Carolina State University (USA) and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simons Fellow of the Perimeter Institute for
Theoretical Physics (Waterloo/Canada), has studied Physics, over time she has acquired an expanded
vision thanks to added knowledge of Astrophysics and Cosmology, which allow her
to have a perspective of a full <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>universe. from the beginning to the end, on
small and large scales, studying their evolution over time, finally being able
to predict that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the end of the universe
will be preceded by a continuous expansion of the universe where galaxies will<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>be separated more and more from each other,
leaving spaces between them getting bigger, foreseeing a slowing down of stars <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and galaxies <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>formation, generating isolation between
galaxies. The local group (Milky Way, Andromeda and others), that we inhabit
will stop producing stars, the rest of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>them falling into black holes that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>will evaporate, leaving as their only trace a
cold, empty and dark universe with strange particles and radiation. Shortly,
before the extinction of the universe and according to an important group of
scientists, a terrific<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>process called : <i>heath death</i> will
occur, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>associated to an eternal
accelerated expansion of our universe, while others propose a <i>Big Crunch</i> or<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a state of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>slow, infinite expansion. At the moment, dark energy and the
cosmological constant, keep the possibility of a <i>Big Crunch</i> away,
because according to Kathie Mack, the result of the action of gravity that
holds galaxies together and the dark energy (produced in certain<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>high density parts of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dark matter), that separates galaxies, will be
one that will favor largely to dark energy, predictions almost confirmed by the
discoveries of the Wilkinson Microwave Anysotropy Probe (WMAP/1998), which
validated the power of dark energy in processes of separation of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>galaxies. Because dark matter does not emit
electromagnetic radiation and does not interact with light, this matter appears
invisible, and we can pass through it. Inside this matter, electrostatic
repulsion processes are carried out between particles, generating dark energy which
allow the rotation of galaxies, a feat impossible to be done only by gravity.
As dark energy is able to increase its density over time, it is capable of
rapidly destroying the universe in a finite time, so dark energy is predicted to
overcome the power of gravity that unites galaxies, being able to produce major
cosmic damage.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another theoretical proposal of extinction of the
Universe is the <i>vacumm decay</i>, for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>not <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>being the universe completely
stable, since it is known that laws of physics can change with temperature
or environmental energy, the occurrence of particle collisions at high energies,
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>where<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> l</span>aws of physics are slightly different, just like in the early universe,
where after a few transitional processes <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>emerged<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a universe <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that possessed electromagnetism, weak and
strong nuclear forces and gravity. That is to say, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>any cosmic disturbance could alter the
physical laws that we know, resulting that, at the point in space where these
changes begin to occur, it will be possible to observe a true vacuum bubble
that, when expanding at the speed of light, through the universe, it will
destroy instantly and painlessly, everything without violating any fundamental
principle of physics. At the moment, the energy<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>produced by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dark matter is
explained by the collision of particles with each other, creating high-energy
particles, in areas where dark matter is more concentrated, that energy power
being directly proportional to the square of its density (at higher density,
more power), being more concentrated in <i>dark matter halos</i>, where large particle
collisions occur, in the very center of galaxies. Such halos would have formed
the first galaxies, and if heat is produced in the center of them, it would
push the gas out of the halos, slowing down after the formation of the first
galaxies. Kathie Mack argues that counteracting gravity with dark energy will bring
at some point, the end of our universe, annihilating in an instant any vestige
of existing intelligent civilization turning everything built by humans into
nothing, in a few seconds. If other civilizations exist in the Universe, perhaps
they would be interested in maintaining a certain degree of <i>status quo</i>
of the universe and its laws so as not to accelerate processes of destruction,
so they could be watching the universe. On the other hand, if the entire cosmos
died our lives would have made no sense, says Kathie. However, in the face of
this almost deterministic extinction of the Universe, there could be another<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-albeit minimal <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>possibility- of migrating to a nascent or
already built universes, by means of teleportation processes of our bodies (transformed
into particles, to be reconstructed later) or traveling by wormholes or black
holes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-28201070520261971502020-06-18T06:08:00.002-07:002020-06-18T06:08:10.770-07:00COVID-19, AGAIN<br />
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<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;">RETHINKING THE VIRUS</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I-A vast number of scientists agree that the predation
of nature started with the industrial age and was facilitated by contemporary
globalization (deforestation of forests and jungles, pollution of the sea,
corruption of the land by mining waste, of space with space debris, emergence
of holes in the ozone layer, darkening of our skies by industrial <i>smog</i>,
global warming with lysis of glaciers, extinction of certain animal species),
has changed nature, making it inhospitable. <b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;">http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of-use#LAA.</span></b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span>So, soon after the
Covid-19 pandemic started, it was easy to see countless dolphins, pelicans and
other birds, on the coasts of quarantined countries, a sign of the ongoing
misfortune (they came for food and to recover their inheritances). <b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Coemvp8X4YQ</span></b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span>It is that, for thousands
of years, the corporality of animals and the structure of vegetables was the
first defensive mattress against fierce viral attacks. The viruses attacked the
animals that populated the earth before humans <b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svlKm4S1M3Y&t=2414s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svlKm4S1M3Y&t=2414s</a>
</span></b>because their complex bodies allowed them to reproduce. After a
prolonged fight, the animals generated their own defenses and varied natural
immune strategies, establishing a mutually beneficial virus-animal coexistence.
When time passed, the viruses realized that the animals were decimated and
cornered, they opted for the obvious: to replace animals<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>with
the increasingly numerous humans, lately living in metropolises with high
population density. <b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025556413001235</span></b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span>While SARS (2002) and MERS
(2012) were exploratory coronaviruses, Covid-19, like others in progress, with
more confidence and better strategies are here to stay.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">II-In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic and others to
come, obvious proposals emerge: a) The first is to convene a global forum in
which, at the same time that we discuss preventive proposals to improve global
human health, we also take into account the entire health of planet Earth,
which we should see as a properly shared, distributed and cared for whole (Gaia
hypothesis), <b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://courses.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/Courses/EPS281r/Sources/Gaia/Gaia
-hypothesis-wikipedia.pdf</span></b><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span>in which all human activities should be seen in a different,
healthier, more ecological way, starting with mass wind and solar energy,
instead of oil-derived pollutants, preserving world forests and jungles,
promote democratic coexistence of all human races and minority groups,
compromise and harmony with all plant animal species, but also with bacteria
and viruses, in such a way that all beings alive -not only humans- will be the
end and not the means. III. Preventing and fighting the pandemics to come also
implies giving answers to unresolved questions. Regarding viruses: a) Why are
viruses selectively attracted to cellular genomes? What does it mean for a
virus's RNA to perfectly match the DNA of a cell and reproduce? A phenomenon
that happens to parts that were once a whole. b) Where do viruses come from?
Are they incomplete remains of dead animals or vegetables? Recycled paleofossils?
If so, the cremation of all living dead beings could be a solution. c) The
presence of a genome within viruses makes them computable, that is,
predictable, with respect to their actions. If so, then the number of its
potential mutations and even the severity of its infectivity could be
calculated. d) The permanence of viruses in the animal and human genome helped
to evolve the latter? Perhaps, by finding answers to these questions, we can
take leaps and bounds in this regard and not just be relying on vaccines. We
need scientific dissertations and reflections, with perspective.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-51750117413307933202020-05-29T20:56:00.003-07:002020-05-29T20:56:58.615-07:00Bad controlled diabetes and brain<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;">BRAIN, DIET
and DIABETES</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">In some way, the type of
food eaten by humans is related to the functions of our organs, our general corporality
and our state of mind. According to the Australian researcher Felice Jacka, </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCAzzhOg-xk,</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">the children (1 1/2-5 years), of pregnant women who consumed junk food
(high fat and abundant sugar), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>turned
out to be more aggressive, prone to tantrums and at the same time more fearful.
However, the type of food eaten is not only related to the mentioned changes.
Recently, the researcher Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi (Stony Brooks
Universityy/Lab for Computational Neurodiagnostics) and collaborators, </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913042117</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">investigated whether the type of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ingested diet was capable of optimally
maintaining the functionality of the brain neural networks, improving neural
functional communication, when the dietary fuel (usually glucose) is exchanged
for ketones, being recognized <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ever
since: the optimal functionality of neural networks, as a biomarker of brain
aging. Previous studies have shown that the destabilization of the brain neural
networks conditions a decrease in brain activity and cognitive acuity, effect
being noted from the age of 47, with more rapid destabilization from the age of
60. </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">DOI: https: //doi.org/
10.1016 / S2213-8587 (13) 70192-X</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">In the case of type 2 diabetics (DM2), with insulin
resistance, the possibility has been raised that glucose elevation (poorly
controlled), is an early risk factor for dementia in adulthood due to rapid
decrease in memory, reasoning and cognition </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">doi: 10.1212 / WNL.0b013e3181f25f06,</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"> so some researchers think that dementia might even
be a metabolic disease. To demonstrate <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the influence of diet type on optimal
maintenance of the functionality of brain neural networks required using
large-scale functional magnetic resonance datasets and scanning a cohort
provided with a standard diet, night fast, and ketogenic diet and another
independent cohort, with overnight fasting before and after administration of
an exogenous bolus of ketone ester (D-</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">β</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">-hydroxybutyrate), equal in calories to that provided by a type of diet based<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in
glucose. In this study, the functionality of human brain neural networks was
destabilized by glucose and stabilized by ketone, regardless of whether ketosis
was achieved with a ketogenic diet or exogenous ketone esters, the results
suggesting that destabilization of neural networks <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>may reflect early signs of hypometabolism
associated with dementia due to persistent glucose elevation, as occurs in
uncontrolled DM2, indicating that the destabilization of neural networks could
be an adaptive response of the brain in order to conserve energy in the face of
scarcity of resources. This study clarifies how diet influences brain aging,
explaining how insulin resistance in poorly controlled diabetics accelerates
the progression of cognitive decline as people age. A deterioration possibly
related to hypometabolism of brain glucose, reversed by another type of
ketone-based diet, which by increasing the available energy, prevent early
brain aging. Young people who eat mainly junk food could be another group of
beneficiaries, provided they switch to diets containing polyunsaturated fatty
acids: fat from certain fish, vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-44421476510243796272020-05-22T08:28:00.000-07:002020-05-22T08:28:57.408-07:00IMMUNITY AND CORONAVIRUS<br />
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<span style="color: red;"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">WHAT THE COVID-19 IS LEAVING IN PERU.</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">After reviewing several papers, watching national
and international videoconferences and scrutinizing ideas related to the clinic
and treatment of the Covid-19 epidemic, we were left with some clear things,
which in descending order of importance are: <b>1)</b> Epidemiological
measures. <b>2)</b> Immunity: anti-virus vaccines, infusion of hyperimmune
plasmas. of convalescent human to certain coronavirus infected people. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>3)</b> Knowledge (even scarce) of the
structure and function of viruses <b>4)</b> Molecular tests and mathematical
calculations <b>5)</b> Investigations carried out in the same field of events.
We will comment on the first 2 items. <b>I)</b> Knowing that viral pandemics
are directly related to the increase in population density </span><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">(https://www.uta.edu/math/_docs/preprint/2014/rep2014_05.pdf):</span></b><span lang="EN" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">-decrease it, is essential- although the effectiveness of this measure
varies according to the economic and educational condition of each country. In
developing nations such as Peru, the success of social confinement is hampered
by the aforementioned inequalities, especially by the urgent daily economic
needs. Although in Peru, a national health emergency law was established early </span><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">(https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/decreto-supremo-que-declara-en-emergencia-sanitaria-a-nivel-decreto-supremo-n-008-
2020-sa-1863981-2 /),</span></b><span lang="EN" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">that established social
isolation, its compliance was strictly observed in certain districts of Lima
and the rest of the country, more economically fluent. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">These, having housed the first imported cases, showed a moderate rise in
the epidemiological curve, which has currently slowed down, anticipating that
this first group would begin to travel from the descending part of the curve
since mid-June. The same is not happening in the poorest and most densely
populated districts of Lima and some departments of Peru (70% of the Peruvian
population) </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">http://noticias.essalud.gob.pe/?inno-noticia=asentamientos-humanos-son
-the-new-concentration-points-of-the-covid-19-according-to-the-heat-map,</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">whose cases began to increase 3 weeks after those of the first group,
originating because of the above :a steepening and prolongation of the
ascending part of the curve that, as some <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mathematicians explain, is destined to undergo
a stop in the coming weeks, and after crossing the plateau, begin a general
decline, not without some obstacles generated in markets </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">(https: // management. pe /
peru / politics / coronavirus-peru-10-markets-in-lima-identified-as-foci-of-contagion-of-covid-19-nndc-news
/), </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">buses, pharmacies, building elevators multi-family,
etc). <b>II)</b> Immunity: <b>a)</b> Taking into account that the Covid-19
virus produces an asymptomatic clinical course in 80% of those infected </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">(https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/noticias/159364-minsa-case
-confirmed-by-coronavirus-cov19-amount-to-104-020-in-the-peru-reported-n-106</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">(usually under 50 years), it is concluded that this process -luck of
natural selection- tolerates the strongest and eliminates the weakest.
Rethinking the positive aspects of the aforementioned process has applications
in the current pandemic - which will be repeated in the coming years – being the
fundamental thing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to ensure that our
immune system adapts to that of the virus, establishing a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>coexistence human-virus, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>subject to a single rule, except for
responsibilities to the virus, if our immune system is weakened <b>b)</b> Taking
into account <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that prophylactic and
therapeutic medical treatment lacks consensus and is mostly symptomatic, at the
moment the most solid therapy against coronavirus is the creation of a vaccine <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>under the rules of acquired immunity. Vaccine
production currently suffers from two problems: delay in producing it and
considering that efficacy of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dead or
attenuated <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cannot be predicted with
certainty. According to the expert: Christine Stabell Benn </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d8PNlXHJ48),</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">the use of live antigens, banned by the WHO, give protection for 15
years and are 96% effective. In our country a vaccine is being produced with
protein extracts from the virus crown (dead virus) </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><a href="https://rpp.pe/vital/salud/coronavirus-cuanto-tiempo-tardara-el-desarrollo-de-una-vacuna-%20against-the-covid-19-news-1263525"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">https://rpp.pe/vital/salud/coronavirus-cuanto-tiempo-tardara-el-desarrollo-de-una-vacuna-
against-the-covid-19-news-1263525</span></b></a></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">c)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"> Type of problems that induces us to locate the infusion of hyperimmune
plasma from convalescent humans: secondly, by being able to reverse the
severity of the viral symptom-symptomatology, in 24 hours. Any level III
hospital is able to prepare this plasma using a simple method, provided you
have informed consent, the blood fractionation machine and a trained
hematologist or pathologist. </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://www.latercera.com/que-pasa/noticia/primer-paciente-recuperado-de-covid-19-con-tratamiento-de-plasma-ayer-me-estaba-muriendo-y-hoy-me-
feel-almost-magically-very-well/Q52HIGGIYNAGFCQPTBIM37YEJQ/</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">d)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"> On the other hand, some scientists argue that attenuated BCG
vaccination </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2020/03/27/australians-trial-tb
-vaccine-to-fight-coronavirus.html</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">provides protection not only against tuberculosis but also against
viruses, fungi and some types of cancer. <b>e)</b> We need to know more about
the virus. For now and according to Luc Montagnier, Nobel Prize in Medicine </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hv4j_ORrdk0,</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #232333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">some antigenic sequences of the current coronavirus
have been artificially replaced by others containing HIV RNA, supposedly made
in a laboratory of China, processes that would have endowed the coronavirus
with a greater infectivity. Fortunately and according to Montagnier himself, nature
only supports a certain order where this bizarre virus does not fit, so the
self-elimination of HIV sequences, are almost certain, making the virus less <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>aggressive, thereby ending the pandemic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-10269000683703972412020-05-06T19:13:00.001-07:002020-05-06T19:13:05.989-07:00CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT A CORONAVIRUS VACCINE<br />
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;">COVID-19 and GLYCANS</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Although the task of successfully coping with the
virus causing the Covid-19 pandemic, exhibits several scenarios. One important
area is to continue to unravel the biology of coronaviruses. <b>1) </b>We subscribe <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>this potential definition of viruses:
proto-life nanostructures, containing glycans (sugars) and peptides or proteins
with special conformations: semi-helices (counterparts of DNA or RNA), subject
to the laws of physics and chemistry, inactive in the environment, but capable
of becoming reproductively active, when under certain contexts, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>are conditioned to couple with their
counterparts: DNA or RNA semi-helices, located inside human, animal or plant
cells, where they self-replicate using the capacities of the respective
genomes. <b>2)</b> It is important <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to discover
the reasons that drive the virus to enter the human respiratory tract, usually
without damaging it by settling in the pulmonary alveoli: <b>a)</b> because the cells
of the immune system in these areas are late to generate an immune response or
because the virus by knowing the responses of the immune system (thanks to
previous coronavirus experiences), hides or eliminates its vulnerable points,
making it <i>invisible</i> to the immune attack. <b>b)</b> It is important <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>also to know the energetic foundations of the
viral movements. Lacking energy generation pathways and mitochondria, the virus
would seek to use the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>energy generated
by electron gain or loss feasible to occur during iron oxidation or that
generated by the conformational change of heme group porphyrins during iron
oxidation that changes from ferrous to ferric, when venous blood passes through
the periphery of the alveoli trying to oxygenate itself as much as possible.
One or another thing, it would be happening by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>judging the report of <a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/sugars-on-coronavirus-spike-protein-offer-vaccine-clues-20200505/">Jordana Cepelewicz (Staff Writer, Quantamagazine</a>),
who recounts the recent investigations of various <i>teams</i> of researchers,
focused on the complex and changing structures of glycans (sugars of the
virus), identified as tree covers in charge of hiding and protecting vulnerable
parts of the polypeptide or protein section inserted and folded inside the
viral structure. A protective shield (<a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.26.010322v1">See Max Crispin</a>), against the attack of
the immune system (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5515730/">See Alexandra C. Walls</a>), to the point of currently considering
that a vaccine directed against only the peptide or protein fraction would not
be advantageous. rendering the vaccine ineffective. While viral proteins or
peptides assemble as counterparts to known templates, glycans do not need known
templates, as they potentially have more configurations than DNA and RNA. For
now, these glycans are known to play a role in interactions with other
molecules and cells, activating, regulating and directing the immune response,
helping proteins to fold properly, promoting the adequacy of cell surface
receptors to their needs, role in determining the human blood type, being
involved in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. Any vaccine against HIV
requires </span><span lang="EN" style="color: #777777; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">first to think about its glycans, </span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">because this virus tends to cover itself with human
glycans that would serve to bypass the immune system. Consider that antibodies
usually attack proteins, not sugars, so any coronavirus vaccine should consider
glycans to promote an adequate immune response.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-12954613227464647302020-04-23T03:56:00.002-07:002020-04-24T04:14:03.742-07:00COVID, A THEORY II<br />
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><b>A COVID-19, THEORY II</b></span><span style="color: #222526;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 14.0pt;">1-Asked about the reasons for medical consultations of patients
critically affected by Covid-19, who survived<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>after being hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the American
cardiologist: Harlan Krumholz (Yale, University), answered to <a href="https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2020-04-10/coronavirus-infection-can-do-lasting-damage-to-the-heart-liver">-<i>The Los AngelesTimes </i></a>(10.04.20), that the signs and symptoms of convalescents did not
correspond to a disease confined to the respiratory system, but rather to a
severe bodily injury induced by a severe hypoxemia that included cardiac,
liver, kidney, brain, endocrine and hematopoietic complications. 2-After
observing Peruvians and Ecuadorians die suddenly in the streets, we think the
same. Although the attack begins in the respiratory sphere, at a certain point
the viral attack becomes systemic very quickly. Appreciation supported by a
report from <i>The</i> <a href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/11441792/wuhan-doctors-skin-after-coronavirus/"><i>Sun</i> newspaper</a> (20.04.20), where it is reported that two, 42-year-old
Chinese doctors, who after having been critically ill by Covid-19, in Wuhan
since 18.01.20, received life support with: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation:
ECMO: (extracorporeal blood oxygenation, replacing the heart and lung).</span><b style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiETnE4as5M&t=3s" style="background-color: transparent;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiETnE4as5M&t=3s</a>.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> During
convalescence, some systemic effects became more visible: extensive darkening
of the skin in exposed areas, attributed to viral liver damage or side effects
of some medication. Convalescent physicians say they will improve as their
livers self-repair, condition that we think need to rule out a acquired
hemochromatosis, induced by difficulties in iron metabolism, requiring a liver
biopsy and dosing of serum iron, transport capacity. iron, ferritin, etc. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">3) A rapid systemic bodily attack associated with an increase in dyspnea
should have as a logic allied to the blood stream. In the previous post, we
discussed the possible pathogenesis induced by Covid-19, based on the
theoretical bioinformatics work of Chinese researchers Wenzhong Liu and Hualan
Li (Sichuan University): <a href="https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.11938173.v7">Covid-19: Attacks the 1-Beta Chain of Hemoglobin andcaptures the Porphyrin to Inhibit Human Heme Metabolism, </a>ChemRxiv. Preprint, who based on virus homologies with certain structural characteristics of the
human heme, suppose an initial anchorage of viral glycoproteins to the
porphyrins that contain the heme, forcing the uncoupling of ferrous iron, which
being<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>spilled into the bloodstream would
prevent the transport of O<sub>2 </sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and CO<sub>2</sub>, generated <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>adverse systemic effects and a cytokine storm,
in response. 4) Now, another article, many conferences, testimonies of
benefited people and the visualization -with a phase contrast microscope- of
the reversal of agglutinated methemoglobinemic blood to oxygenated blood, using
chlorine dioxide (ClO<sub>2</sub>), the same that achieves a fast increasing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>O<sub>2</sub> saturation demonstrated by
gasometry, reversing the chemical-structural damage induced by Covid-19 to
porphyrins. That is the theory of the German biophysicist Andreas Kalcker: </span><u><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://lbry.tv/@Kalcker:7/Porque-ClO2-funciona-para-Covid-19:a">https://lbry.tv/@Kalcker:7/Porque-ClO2-funciona-para-Covid-19: </a></span></span></u><span style="font-size: 14pt;">who proposes the use of Cl dioxide (ClO</span><sub>2</sub><span style="font-size: 14pt;">), in aqueous or intravenous
form at a pH of 7.4, at concentrations of 50 ppm, to reverse the hypoxemic
effects of Covid-19. By preventing ClO</span><sub>2</sub><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> from disrupting porphyrins,
it would also be shown that the viral attack is not focused on the lungs, but it
is directed against the beta </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">chain of
Hb, inducing systemic effects that limit the normal transport of 0</span><sub>2</sub><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span style="font-size: 14pt;">, generating chemical pneumonitis causing ground glass lung
images, when free iron is poured into the blood, affecting </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">the liver. In a minefield where what is known
is little, we communicate this theory, associated with some facts that need
further verification. It would be very useful to perform</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">in
patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">-who are being helped by mechanical ventilators- : liver biopsies and
dose plasma pyrroles, bilirubins, reticulocytes, transaminases, iron, EPO,
transferrin, ferritin, and methemoglobin. Based on the above, we believe that
the most suitable method to treat Covid-19 hypoxemia is extracorporeal
oxygenation (ECMO), which is more effective than mechanical ventilators.</span></div>
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<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-74108247970289731582020-04-21T00:55:00.002-07:002020-04-21T00:55:56.503-07:00COVID-19<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">While we wait for the Covid-19 RNA vaccine, the
medical treatment for the most severe viral stage: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
(ARDS), associated with high mortality rates in older adults or in people who
have chronic diseases (diabetes, obesity, arterial hypertension) or immune
deficiencies lacks guaranteed efficacy, which has to do with gaps regarding: I)
Coronavirus and its raison d'être II) Postmortem pathological findings and body
and lung-heart axis pathogenesis. III) Reasons of increasing transmissibility
(R<sub>0</sub>), of Covid-19 and, IV) Immunological characteristics of
survivors and deceased due to ARDS. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Regarding
the first, the biologist Laura Alche (Buenos Aires University, 2017) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpaoEP-WaaM"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpaoEP-WaaM</span></b></a></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>affirms that, when the viruses are installed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in the environment, they have not the ability
to self-reproduce so, they are not alive. -If they are dead, why to carry out
environmental disinfection campaigns? - For his part, the virologist Vincent
Racaniello (Columbia University, 2019), </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svlKm4S1M3Y&t=2411s"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svlKm4S1M3Y&t=2411s</span></b></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, argues that when the viruses enter an organism and
reproduce, using the host genome they acquire the status of living entities,
through an evolutionary process, which will continue with mutations tending to
settle the virus in our genomes, which currently carry 8% of transposons and
others viral remains. When <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>benefits were
mutual for viruses, animals and humans, they coexisted properly for millions of
years, until <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the beginning of the
industrial age, when a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>massive environmental
disruption human-induced, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>forced viruses
that lived in peace with wild animals to invade human beds. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">For this reason, in this quarantine, many animals have temporarily
recovered their properties in different parts of the world :</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CN9-oF626Ok"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CN9-oF626Ok</span></b></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">. Now that worldwide human viral pandemics are favored by high human
population densities, we ask ourselves: What is special about lung alveoli to
attract the virus and trigger poor alveolar function there? Is there a vital
factor that encourages its massive replication? The reasonable thing is that viruses
look for the energy contained in the porphyrins, O2 or perhaps the iron. We
need to measure pyrroles and plasma iron in critically ill patients and perform
autopsies or at least lung and heart biopsies from deceased patients. Although
in this regard, there are 4 somewhat biased autopsies (African Americans, 2
with diabetes and high blood pressure), these matter for the exquisite nature
of their performance: SE. Fox, A Akmatbekov, JL. Harbert et al. “ Pulmonary and
Cardiac Pathology in Covid-19: The First Autopsy Series from New Orleans”-
medRxiv preprint.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20050575"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20050575</span></b></a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">being observed: Lungs:680 to </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1030 g (N: 583 +/- 216), extreme
right ventricular dilatation, bilateral pulmonary edema and parcel hemorrhages,
pulmonary arteries free of thromboemboli, bronchi flooded by thick white mucus,
absence of signs of fungal, bacterial or inflammatory infection, cardiomegaly,
no thrombi in large vessels. <b>Microscopy</b>: extensive alveolar damage,
hyaline membranes, alveolar hemorrhages, fibrin thrombi and megakaryocytes
inside the capillaries. In damaged alveoli: cytopathic effects in distended
pneumocytes, intracytoplasmic RNA, neutrophil degeneration, being argued<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in
medical journals that what was reported corresponds to overflows of a cytokine
storm, taking as reference the pathogenesis of ARDS proposed by MA Matthay and
RL Zeman (Annu Rev Pathol. 2011; 28; 6: 147–163). doi: </span><span style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-pathol-011110-130158" target="pmc_ext"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #4472c4; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130158</span></b></a></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent1;">,
</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mostly
referred to patients who died of pneumonia or infectious sepsis. The reflexive
aspect of ARDS induced by the current coronavirus is that it settles in very
quickly, as in the case of patients who, walking on the streets of Peru and
Ecuador, stopped suddenly, shortly after being struck down and dying: <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KH0f-cW0PNg,">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KH0f-cW0PNg,</a>
</b>Interesting facts<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in the treatment
of coronavirus are <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1) The worldwide use of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a drug with a broad
anti-inflammatory effect in Lupus Erythematosus <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>blocks the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>endo and exocytosis stages (viral entry and
exit from the cell). 2) A theory <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>held by
Wenzhong Liu and Hualan Li (Sichuan University): Covid-19: Attacks the 1-Beta
Chain of Hemoglobin and captures the Porphyrin to Inhibit Human Heme
Metabolism, ChemRxiv. Preprint.<b><span style="background: white; color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> </span></b></span><b><span style="background: white; color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.11938173.v7"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.11938173.v7</span></a></span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: #4472c4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent1;">
</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">which hypothesizes
that the ORF8 protein and viral surface glycoproteins bind to porphyrin, while<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>structural viral proteins: orf1ab, ORF10 and
ORF3a attack the heme in the region: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1-beta Hb, preventing the binding of He with
porphyrin, promoting that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>less Hb, transport<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>O2 and Co2, intoxicating lung cells and
triggering an intense inflammatory storm causing pulmonary ground glass images
with the possibility to reverse this effect with HCQ or; reports that BCG
protects against TB and other viral and parasitic diseases. Biering-Sørensen S,
Aaby P, Lund N, et al. Early BCG-Denmark and Neonatal Mortality Among Infants
Weighing <2500 1183-1190.="" 1="" 2017="" 65="" a="" b="" clin="" controlled="" dis.="" g:="" infect="" oct="" randomized="" trial.=""><span style="color: #4472c4; mso-themecolor: accent1;">
doi: 10.1093/cid/cix525.<o:p></o:p></span></2500></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-90893812756476848432020-02-26T13:56:00.001-08:002020-02-26T13:56:54.940-08:00GPS CELLS,AGAIN<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><b>WHAT IF
ARTIFICIAL GPS CELLS, ARE INSERTED IN ROBOTIC BRAINS?</b></span><b style="color: #1a1a1a;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhphPh9iq-i4ImDqFisvwwKoXh85b6WqiHxn0LDsL1PtuUDfLMNAF1iIF0zLX52yAn94o_otXieIHvRBzUcVqPMWt4QmZTs5L7osv_S9Tb-FtDxtxGjo7dy5ABS-jFBw0nZqrWyow/s1600/ratas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="538" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhphPh9iq-i4ImDqFisvwwKoXh85b6WqiHxn0LDsL1PtuUDfLMNAF1iIF0zLX52yAn94o_otXieIHvRBzUcVqPMWt4QmZTs5L7osv_S9Tb-FtDxtxGjo7dy5ABS-jFBw0nZqrWyow/s320/ratas.jpg" width="279" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><b><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/in-brain-waves-scientists-see-neurons-juggle-possible-futures-20200224/">Taken from Quantamagazine,Article written by: Jordana Cepelewicz</a> </b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">In 2014: John
O'Keefe (British-American), Edvard Moser and May Britt-Moser (both Norwegian),
shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology, for the discovery of neurons
constituents of a positioning system (<i>GPS cells</i>), located in the human
cerebral hippocampus. For those who thought that this finding only served to
guide us spatially externally and internally, the recent discovery of
additional functions of these cells means that we are just at the beginning of
a cognitive revolution of cyclopean proportions, of knowing the process of
generating hypotheses <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>very close to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the same human thought. The study was
conducted at the University of California, San Francisco by <b>Loren Frank</b>:
<b>1</b>-Frank and his team made<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>trained<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rats run <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by the central parts of W-shaped labyrinths,
while other researchers monitored their positional neurons (mappers of the
location of the rat). <b>2</b>-When the rats were about to reach the other end
of the central part, where they would decide which place to turn (right or
left), the researchers noticed that the teta brain rhythm coincided with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the firing of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>positional neurons, warning that as long as
the rat did not decide which direction to turn, the position cells for both
trajectories continued to fire <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>simultaneously in the central arm of the
labyrinth. <b>3</b>-As the rat approached the point where it should change
direction, it was expected that position neurons would continue to be
firing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>simultaneously in events called theta cycles. <b>4</b>-Instead
and, until the rat turned, the position cells for each trajectory no longer fired<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>simultaneously,
but in the form of alternate theta cycles. According to Frank and his team, the
sequences of firing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of 125-milliseconds seemed to generate
different brain hypotheses about the immediate future of the rats in a
continuous, consistent and incredibly regular way, offering the animals,
different future hypothetical scenarios, which allowed them <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to weigh quickly and flexibly<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the different scenarios, choosing the best
option with opportunities to change options and even go back, useful <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>option to confront natural predators. For
Frank, coding hypotheses is an explicit representation of the thinking and
theta cycles: fundamental computational units, which the hippocampus uses to
choose mostly abstract things, supported by previous experiences, adding that cyclical
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>firing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>position cells imply, the development of
cognitive faculties: imagination, planning and decision- making processes.</span><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/jordana-cepelewicz/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-19052580520858140952020-02-23T03:40:00.001-08:002020-02-23T03:40:12.947-08:00HIGH DENSITY EPIDEMIC OUTBREAK<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: red;"><b>TIME TO ACT, GLOBALLY</b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">With 79930 infected people
and about 2431 dead caused by the corona virus, in China alone, something fails
to handle this partially contained epidemic outbreak. It is no longer an
exclusive disease of China, it is global. It is time for the WHO to participate
and issue a statement with the Chinese government, in this regard. We remain in
our initial statement that we reproduce: “<i>In megacities such as Wuhan, close
human contact facilitates the easy installation and reproduction of the virus.
The Chinese ruler Xin Pi has established a </i></span><i>centralized quarantine
(nobody leaves, nobody enters Wuhan<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">). A mistake, because in that way Wuhan continues to retain
its 11 000 000 inhabitants, in its many densified apartment buildings,
houses and overcrowded hospitals, when the right thing is for people to
disperse and leave Wuhan going to the fields, forests, living outdoor tents or
in cities of lower density population. By increasing the person-person
distances, the virus remains in the environment where it quickly dies or
becomes inactive”.</span></i> Watch CNN today's video:Chinese authorities putting healthy people in fields hospitals. 3,31 minutes, </div>
<br />
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-10515478328693102142020-02-03T20:33:00.001-08:002020-02-04T04:19:41.533-08:00NOBODY LEAVES, NOBODY ENTERS WUHAN<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: red;"><b>CENTRALIZED QUARANTINE</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Until
03.02.2020, Chinese medical reports accounted for more than 20,000 infected and
426 dead due to the epidemic outbreak caused by the 2019 coronavirus in Wuhan,
China. In our previous blog we stated : <b>1)</b> that this outbreak was a
challenge for the Chinese health system, not prepared for this peculiar
outbreak and <b>2)</b> That this outbreak corresponded to the disease model:
high population density-easy spread of the virus. The dead and infected on the
rise in Wuhan are due to the fact that in Wuhan, incorrect measures are being
applied (<i>centralized quarantine</i>), successful in populations of 50,000
inhabitants or less.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In megacities
such as Wuhan, close human contact facilitates the easy installation and
reproduction of the virus. The Chinese ruler Xin Pi has established a <i>centralized
quarantine (nobody leaves, nobody enters Wuhan</i>). A mistake, because in that
way Wuhan continues to retain its 11 000 000 inhabitants, in its many densified apartment buildings,
houses and overcrowded hospitals, when the right thing is for people to
disperse and leave Wuhan going to the fields, forests, living outdoor tents or in cities of lower density population.
By increasing the person-person distances, the virus remains in the environment
where it quickly dies or becomes inactive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-51225317174401620712020-01-25T23:29:00.002-08:002020-03-07T22:59:02.231-08:00CORONA VIRUS OUTBREAK IN CHINA<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: red;">HIGH POPULATION DENSITY and DISEASES</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The current epidemic outbreak of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCov) does not
constitute a new or ultimate experience in Asia, so the steps to counteract
this type<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of virus looks well
established (Remember: 2012 (2012 MERS-Cov, 2002-2003 SARS-Cov) The current
coronavirus 2019, has a 85 % coincidence with the genome of its cousin SARS-Cov,
lacking to know the areas of mutation. Coronaviruses that infect humans now
have 7 members, characterized by producing mild flu-like infections (most),
evolving according to circumstances to pneumonia and/or to <i>exitus letalis</i>.
And although the emerging Chinese power knows what <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to do,
the constant increase in the number of infected and dead patients represents a
challenge to its <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>health procedures If China<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>control the epidemic outbreak,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>will pass the end-of-course exam,
consolidating worldwide management guidelines for these epidemic outbreaks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Analysis until 08.03.2020:</b> <b>1)</b>
Chinese scientists have sequenced the coronavirus genome, having no
identification problems of the virus (although the predictive value + and - of
the tests is lacking). Researchers know their access routes to the human body
and the organs where they like to stay to replicate respiratory tract, lungs,
kidneys and death. However, after 2 months (including the incubation period
estimated at 12 days), from the first infected case detected, dense people queues
continue to form for blood samples, being observed in narrow hospital
corridors, cohabitation of infected patients, carriers and not infected<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>people, turning these areas into potential
outbreaks spread<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of coronavirus. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To counter this difficulty China builds in
Wuhan at the speed of light: 2 prefabricated hospitals each with just over 1000
beds. <b>2)</b> The signs and symptoms are known initial flu that resolves
favorably in 97% of cases, followed by 3% of complicated cases with
respiratory, renal and death failure. Only for this minimum proportion of
cases, isolation is carved into strictly conditioned hospital units. Despite
the isolation, in Hubei province (which includes Wuhan), there have been 105,000 infected
cases and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 3500</span> deaths. Also, in South Korea there are 7041 infected cases and 48 deaths. One observes that the costumes of
the health personnel have areas with exposed skin (wrists), the suits are not
safe, they lack protective glasses, lack masks, surgical gowns, disinfectants.
A Chinese doctor has died, and 15 health workers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>have been
infected from a single patient. Contrary to the management of 2 infected
patients in the USA, carried out with robots to perform chest auscultation and
take samples, avoiding physical contact. Americans doctors and nurses wear
costumes similar to those wearing astronauts, so the doctor-infected patient
contact is nil. China has to improve their health procedures. Despite the
above, with a 3% mortality (56 deaths from pneumonia) and 2000 infected, China
shows progress with respect to the epidemic outbreak of 2002-2003 (SARS-Cov),
which had 8890 infected, and 770 people dead (10 %).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 2020, the coronavirus: (2019-Cov), looks
so far less aggressive which inspires confidence in the Chinese health system
that expects to control the epidemic outbreak soon. But then why is the number
of people infected in Hubei province (which includes Wuhan) increasing day by
day, and internationally? What is failing? Each epidemic outbreak has its peculiarities,
and, in this case, everything indicates that the central problems of the
management of 2019 (2019-Cov), is to overcome the difficulties of high
population density and the scrupulous monitoring of the contacts of those
infected. Let us see <b>a)</b> <b>population density</b>: Wuxan, the city where
the outbreak began 2 months ago, has 11,000,000 inhabitants, being an
obligatory crossing area of several nearby cities that total 56,000,000
people. Given such high population density, the most efficient measure is to
disperse as much as possible to the population while ensuring the therapy of
the infected and <b>b)</b> monitoring the contacts of the infected. That is why the
Chinese health system has arranged the execution of quarantines (insulations at
home, hotels and lodges), restriction of the traffic of trains, airplanes and
buses, temporary closure of centers for recreation of people for 15 days. The
streets are empty and everything would be fine, except for the growing number
of international (29 countries), infected<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>patients in: Thailand, Australia, Belgium, Cambodia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Macao, Malaysia, Nepal Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, UAE, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, which were infected in health and commercial centers
in Wuxan, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>reflecting problems of
identification of carriers and infected in the entry and exit of foreigners in
China. Are the tests already validated? Is there capacity to detect carriers in
incubation period, with no apparent signs and symptoms?? And what about the
congestion of people in the corridors of 20-story apartment buildings<b>? 3)</b>
As there is no specific cure, mild and severe cases receive symptomatic
treatment, while preparing a vaccine that should have been ready in 3 weeks.
However, once ready, vaccines face the challenge of mutations in the course of
human infections. With the knowledge of epidemic outbreaks caused by previous
coronaviruses and the relations<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between them, it is time to produce 2 types of
vaccines one for the current coronavirus and another for when the virus mutates,
calculated using computational models and probability theory (mutant vaccines).
Given the threat of the outbreak spreading throughout the world, it is
necessary to proceed quickly in these cases, all of the above should have been
done in 4 weeks. Today, after 8 weeks the Chinese health system shows flaws, so
China<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>need to contact international experts with
what the missing processes would be faster, winning China and all mankind. <b>4)</b>
In summary, the most important thing in the province of Hubei (the most
affected) is to decrease population density by dispersing people even in open
spaces, where the mutated virus will become inactive. In the environment it is
impossible for a virus to survive 2 seconds. And what about the congestion of
people in the corridors of 20-story apartment buildings? As there is no
specific cure, mild and severe cases receive symptomatic treatment. The high
number of cases is due to infections by person-person contact in cities with
high population density. It is necessary to improve the strategies for
identifying infected people without signs or symptoms and to follow up contacts
of infected cases. The low mortality (3%) has influenced the decision of the
WHO not to consider this outbreak as an international threat until today.
However, the governments of the USA, Jordan and France, have announced that
they will withdraw their diplomatic personnel from the province of Hubei, while
the Chinese government has demanded that their health system be faster and more
effective and, if possible, establish a <i>centralized quarantine</i> (Nobody enters, nobody leaves Wuxan), to control the outbreak. epidemic. Finally, there is suspicion of underreporting
of infected patients due to lack of transparency or existence of not so
accurate diagnoses in some health centers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-9105498302791635842019-12-15T13:50:00.003-08:002019-12-15T13:50:57.559-08:00FROM EXTERNAL TO INTERNAL STATES OF ANIMALS<br />
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<b style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/to-decode-the-brain-scientists-automate-the-study-of-behavior-20191210/">From Quantamagazine</a></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: red;"><b>FROM the <i>IMPRINT</i> to GRAMMATICAL RULES of ANIMAL
BEHAVIOR.</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch
(ethologists), won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1973, for having conducted
studies of animal behavior, with meticulous descriptions of fish, insects, wild
geese, behaviors, standing out within them: the animal filial <i>imprint</i>.
From then until today, more rigorous, more quantitative studies were needed,
with more argumentation and relationship with the neuro-emotional internal
states of animals, including human behavior. Currently, there is a tendency to
relate animal body behavior with: a) simultaneous associations to the
corresponding neuronal codifications b) associations between animal behavior to
measurements and quantifications associated with recent technological advances,
using A. I. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>techniques and the capture of
deep neural networks, analyzing animal behavior beyond predictability. In this
route, scientists from various parts of the world have adapted and modified
machines with resulting quantitative versions, difficult to being questioned.
The game: <i>DeepPoseKit</i>, equipped with algorithms that automatically
follow the movements and orientations of desert locusts are used to obtain data
of collective behaviors. While Lorenz's seminal studies focused on external
behavior, modern research <i>looks within</i> animal behavior, trying to
understand the meaning of body movements. In 2013, Sandeep Robert Datta
(Harvard Medical School), acquired a <i>Xbox Kinect</i> device (which feels the
movements of the players), extrapolating <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and monitoring it to study in detail the body
movements of environmental scouting mice, plotting their movements with clouds
of spatial points, analyzing the rhythmic movements, with the conviction that
giving meaning to their corresponding neural codes, a better understanding of
the behavior of the mice would be accessed. It is necessary to build algorithms
that automatically follow animal movements, record small angular changes of the
wings of an insect or the arch of a mouse's back creating patterns, that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>machines analyze and classify the data
automatically and serve as guides for the internal states of animals. In an
article recently published in <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0533-x?proof=trueIn"><i>Nature Neuroscience</i>, </a>by: Adam Calhoun,
Mala Murthy and Jonathan Pillow, they built <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a learning model, to observe animal behaviors
by identifying internal states: courtship of fruit flies, manipulating the
brain activity of flies and controlling the network of supervisory neurons of
these movements and internal states, identifying movements and analyzing
behaviors with contributions from neuroscience, genetics, evolution and
medicine. Today, algorithms are used to identify the edges and contours of
images of certain animal behavior problems: traces of contours of flies on
surfaces, differentiation within multiple organisms, identification of certain
body parts, training of neural networks to track the joints and body parts of
any animal (deep learning),colors, transpositions on the animal body are used
to identify its nose, tail, ears, legs, learning machines to map human
movement. Jonathan Whitlock (Norwegian University of Science and Technology),
uses small pieces, attached to 3 points of the animal along its back, to
reconstruct the movements of the spine. The same investigator activates certain
neurons of a fly making it walk backwards in a rotating spherical wheel, in
addition to studying movements and positions of mice encoded in neurons of the
cerebral cortex, committed to coordinated movements that explain how the mouse
holds its head. Finally, Ilan Golani (Tel Aviv, University), after analyzing
animal behavior for more than 60 years, argues that there are fundamental units
of behavior within a common set of rules (grammar), based on animal anatomy.
Benjamin de Bivort (Harvard University), who supports Golani, considers it
important to properly interpret these blocks of behavior, which he believes are
finally a type of hidden language. In 2008, 4 <i>building blocks</i> of worm
movements were discovered. With algorithms elaborated in the Bob Datta's
laboratory, explained in the <i>Motion Sequencing,</i> short units or syllables
have been identified in the behavioral dynamics of mice, confirming that animal
behaviors consist of small sets of behaviors (syllables), framed within certain
rules grammatical. The Datta group managed to identify the neural network
associated with the syllables "run forward", "down and
dart", "get out!". using <i>Motion Sequencing</i> algorithms (<i>MoSeq</i>),
predicting that a mouse could use 40 or 50 of them, with some corresponding to
certain human behaviors. On the other hand, Datta discovered in the cerebral
striatum, sets of neurons, responsible for representing different syllables
identified by the <i>MoSeq,</i> being the grammar directly regulated by the
brain. Datta adds that the neural representation of a syllable is not always
the same, it changes to reflect the sequence in which the syllable is involved,
so it cannot always be said whether a certain syllable is part of a fixed or
variable sequence. According to Gordon Berman (Emory University), these studies
will one day serve to predict social interactions between animals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-16001297187629450932019-11-05T10:36:00.001-08:002019-11-05T10:42:58.357-08:00IN VITRO MONKEY EMBRYOS LAST 20 DAYS:<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;">TOWARDS THE
CREATION OF HEALTHY AND IMPROVED HUMAN BEINGS.</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">The Polish/British
: <b>Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz</b>, 56 (Mammalian Development and Stem Cell
Biology/University of Cambridge/UK), exhibits a curious, intense and creative <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-although not prolonged- career as a
scientist, being perceived as very enlightened beyond biology and with a huge
and deep holistic vision of embryology of development. <b>1)</b> Her most
important successes have to do with new theories (some already proven), new
models of human embryonic development until the first 14 days and the genetic
studies that she<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>carried out on herself, to ensure the healthy
birth of his son Simon, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>now of 11 years
old. Chorionic villi of her own placenta showed that Simon carried 30%
aneuploid cells (chromosome number abnormalities). MZ-Goetz let him be born because
she understood, thanks to his theoretical models and previous experiments, that
the remaining normal cells would isolate or eliminate the bad cells, as finally
happened. <b>2)</b> After graduating as a PhD in biology, MZ-Goetz found
himself in the trance of disagreeing with certain postulates of his Polish PhD mentor:
Andrej Tarkowski, who argued that human embryonic cells occupied random
positions in the organism in formation, while she, on the other hand, believed
that the positions occupied by these cells were early<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>predetermined. Today it is known that very early
cells have a genetic predetermination in this regard. There are<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>known several works of MZ-Goetz in which she
studied and proved<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the predeterministic joint activity of genes
in these stages. Today it is accepted thanks to her, that these cells are
heterogeneous, exhibiting very small differences at a very early <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>stage, especially at the level of DNA-linked
transcription and that these differences occur when the embryo has only 4
cells, where certain genes such as : Oct4, Osx2, Ox21 and the enzyme Car1, have differentiated <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>expressions for <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pluripotent cells of the embryo, the body in
formation and the placenta. Time proved right to MZ-Goetz. Now it is better
understood why embryonic cells are located at specific sites during
development. <b>3)</b> The last 15 years have allowed MZ-Goetz to value the
growing technology and use it in its proper measure, revealing many secrets of
the early development of human embryos. <b>4)</b> This remarkable scientist has
also properly assessed the enormous plasticity of the embryo to repair itself and
be born healthy and without defects. <b>5)</b> On the other hand, she has
clarified that when abnormal cells appear in embryos in formation -less than 14
days- they are not tolerated by normal cells, who eliminate or expel them
towards the placenta where they are tolerated. <b>6)</b> Now that the collapse
of the myth of the impossibility of growing embryos beyond 9 days begins (2
teams of Chinese scientists have just cultivated embryos <i>in vitro</i> for up
to 20 days) and the possibility is seen in the not so distant future to create
improved healthy humans (<i>transhumans</i>) in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>9 months, the MZ-Goetz highlights the <i>in
vitro</i> persistence of the self-organizing properties of the human embryo noted<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>during
human implantation. <b>7)</b> MZ-Goetz is now committed to the development of
the human embryo outside the uterus, something unfeasible until recently, given
the existence of certain ethical restrictions and difficulties in growing
embryos in vitro more than 14 days. <b>8)</b> We believe that MZ-Goetz is ready
to continue conducting high quality research by the time the laws that limit
studies in human embryos beyond 14 days are more relaxed or disappear. We trust
that she<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>will easily solve the problems of <i>gastrulation
in vitro</i> and others. MZ-Goetz is on its way to the Nobel Prize, no doubt.
For us with all the advanced, what is needed now is the creation of
mathematical models that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>algorithmically <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>describe<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>the creation and formation of a human being from the beginning to the
end, because finally human beings are computable.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-59073530961662369752019-10-21T03:06:00.003-07:002019-10-21T03:14:31.629-07:00ACQUIRED TRAITS CAN BE INHERITED<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;">IN LESS COMPLEX
ANIMALS, ACQUIRED TRAITS ARE TRANSMITTED</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/inherited-learning-it-happens-but-how-is-uncertain-20191016/">From Quantamagazine</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Since Mendel's
time, we have accepted that the main means of information and transmission of
biological information in complex organisms is mainly carried out by encrypted
DNA. However, today, thanks to epigenetics we are learning that at least in
less complex animals, certain adaptive responses are not necessarily
transmitted to the new generations by gene sequences, that is, that some
learned behaviors and certain physiological responses can be epigenetically
inherited. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lately, the:<i>A. Weismann barrier</i>
(1892, <i>"the traits acquired by the somatic cells of complex organisms -by
exposure to the environment- are not transmitted to oocytes and sperm and from
there to the next generation"</i>), is losing its rigidity. Epigenetically
speaking and according to Oded Rechavi (Tel Aviv University), the information
learned by somatic tissues is communicated and incorporated into the germ line,
by means of small RNA molecules and / or perhaps by hormone like-peptides, being
the nervous system able to promote inheritable adaptive responses. Proposals
that have required epigenetic researchers to ask themselves: <b>a)</b> If</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> learned adaptive
behaviors can be passed on to the next generation, that would seem to eliminate
the necessity for certain standard evolved changes to the genome<b>.</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> b)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> why not
incorporate these adaptive changes to the genome so that they could be more
stable? O. Rechavi, thinks in this regard arguing that, although more studies
are lacking, it is real the existence of 2 inheritance mechanisms (RNA-DNA), being
the DNA, the most recent. In 1950 R. Alexander Brink, achieved <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>under different environmental conditions, that
corn plants with identical genomes, had different expressions in the form of
heritable grains of different colors, inferring the existence of different
production mechanisms: chemical modifications of proteins and DNA or <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the existence of small RNA molecules that,
when transiting to the germ cells, interacted with the DNA, affecting genetic
regulation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In another experiment, the
germ cells producing sperm and oocytes of the <i>C. elegans</i> worm were
marked with a green fluorescent protein and the neurons with red, proving that
the adaptive responses learned by these worms caused changes in the neural
system that induced changes in the germ cells, allowing the progeny of worms to
exhibit the same adaptive behavior to cope<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>stress. Rechavi said that
this was possible due to the emergence of small RNA-RNA transmitter molecules,
which performed different functions from the usual peptide production. 10 years
ago, at Columbia University, Rechavi showed that <i>C. elegans</i>
virus-infected worms could defend themselves by generating small RNAs that
neutralized viruses and that their subsequent progeny also produced these
protective RNAs, even if they were not exposed to viruses (Cell, 2011), and
that the stress could induce the production of small inheritable molecules of
RNAs that helped adaptive response. In Cell (June 13,2019), Rechavi,
investigated the inheritance of chemotaxis, concluding that, in these cases,
the worms inherited siRNA molecules produced in their parents' neurons, adding
Peter Sarkies, that the information mediated by the siRNAs could also be
transmitted transgenerationally. According to Sarkies, <i>C. elegans</i> worms
also have some ability to take double stranded RNA from the environment and use
it to silence endogenous genes, inducing adaptive responses. In this regard and
according to G. Bosco (Dartmouth College), it is necessary to
answer certain questions: <b>a)</b> why does the neural signals reach the germ
tissue and change the information contained in the oocyte? <b>b)</b> What need
induces the brain to perform these actions in the germ tissue? <b>c)</b> If a
worm ingesting an environmental chemist manages to change the epigenome of
oocytes and spermatozoa, why can't we make our brain to generate a similar
molecule? In a paper (2017/Nature Cell Biology), Burton exposed <i>C. elegans</i>
worms to high levels of salt, inducing a state called <i>osmotic stress</i>,
against which the worm's brain responded by secreting insulin-like peptides
that changed <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>oocytes, inducing in them
epigenetic changes, making the worm's progeny produce more protective glycerol
against <i>osmotic stress</i>. For Burton, the hormone-like peptides secreted
by worm brains induce epigenetic changes in oocyte-forming cells, further
achieving that their progeny solves the problem of high environmental salt
levels. A characteristic of the epigenetic inheritance is that it only lasts a
few generations and then ceases, denominating it for that reason: <i>adaptive
plasticity.</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-75106944647752879592019-09-26T19:52:00.000-07:002019-09-27T04:44:52.894-07:00PLANET X-NIBIRU.LOOK AT THE MAPS.<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: whitesmoke; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: black;">Taken from Science,2019.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: whitesmoke; color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">THE TRUE, REGARDING
THE PLANET-X, NOT VISIBLE, UNTIL TODAY. 1)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: whitesmoke; color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: whitesmoke; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">In 1846
Urbain Le Verrier, supposed the existence of a giant planet (Neptune), given the
orbital irregularities of Uranus. In 1906, Percival Lowell was dedicated to the
search of an hypothetical <i>Planet X</i> (any planet beyond the orbit of
Neptune/which initially resulted in the discovery of Pluto), from his observatory
in Flagstaff, Arizona (USA). In 1972, Joseph Brady, an astronomer at the
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, published in the <i>Desert Sun</i> (April 1972),
of Palm Spring, Ca., a report from <i>Planet X</i>, placing it in our Solar
System (SS), beyond Pluto with an orbit that took 600 years to complete a
revolution around the sun. With data before Christ, Brady said that this planet
was located millions of miles from Earth and that the orbital delays of 3
comets, including Halley, were due to interference from <i>Planet X.</i> In
1981, R. Harrington and T.V. Flandern (US Naval Observatory), reported at a
meeting of the American Astronomical Society, irregularities in the orbit of
Pluto, for possible interference with a hidden <i>Planet or X</i>. In 1983, the IRAS
(Infrared Astronomical Satellite), described, to<i> Planet X</i>, in our SS as
"<i>a body as large as Jupiter, with a mass 4 times higher than that of
the Earth, in transit to the constellation Orion."</i> In 1992, Harrington
and Flandern, hypothesized that it was an intrusive planet to our SS, that
advanced between our sun and another twin, taking 3660 years to complete an
orbit around our sun, spending 99% of their time, slowly traveling between one
sun and another until reaching the midpoint between the two, happening then
that thanks to the gravity of one of the suns, the planet moved suddenly and
quickly towards the other orbital half. In 2015, astronomers Konstantin Batygin
and Mike Brown (<i>Caltech</i>), described a planet with an elongated orbit
that apparently transited through a solar SS external to ours, capable of
explaining (for the purposes of its gravity), the bizarre orbits of other 5
smaller space objects located in the most distant part of the Kuiper belt and;
that the mass of this <i>Planet X</i> (not visible, located beyond Pluto), was
10 times greater than that of Earth and that its orbit around the sun took
15,000 years. They added that the best hypothesis in relation to its orbit was
that 4.5 billion years ago, the <i>Planet X (or IX, now,that's the same)</i> was expelled outside the <i>planet-forming
region</i>, close to the sun and that such event slowed it, being<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> then </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>located in a distant elliptical orbit. Batygin
and M. Brown, supported by detailed orbital studies of other distant objects
and computer simulations, inferred the presence of <i>Planet X (or IX)</i>, thanks to
the peculiar grouping of 6 known space objects that orbited around Neptune,
emphasizing that <i>Planet X</i> (or IX), induced the strange elliptical orbits</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of 6 space objects similar to its <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>own orbit. They said also that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>his
approach to the Sun was 7 times farther than that of Neptune (200 AU:
astronomical units). An AU: distance between the Earth and the sun: 150 million
km. That the <i>Planet X (or IX)</i>, could roam beyond 600 to 1200 AU, from the Kuiper
belt. In 2019, Brown that in 2003, had detected <i>Sedna</i>, an object with an
orbit similar to that of <i>Planet X</i>, said the latter had a rare and
distant orbit that made it the most distant object of our SS, known until
today. Its closest point to our Sun (perihelion), is 76 AU, beyond the Kuiper
belt, far from the influence of Neptune's gravity. Brown then deduced that
something massive (a planet, beyond Neptune), must have attracted <i>Sedna t</i>o
its distant orbit, during the formation of our SS and that was strangely
enough, that <i>Sedna</i> along with 5 other icy objects had similar orbits.
Brown says that only one of 3 space objects (<i>Sedna, Eris and VP 113</i>)
could explain such oddities: The VP113 was discovered in 2014 by Scott Sheppard
(Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC) and Chad Trujillo (Gemini
Observatory, Hawaii), who reported that, in the perihelion zone, all these
objects were traveling very close to our SS, suggesting that <i>Planet X</i>,
grouped these objects, very close to the ecliptic. Initially the data of <i>Planet
X</i> (or IX) and its 6 accompanying objects explained part of the story. Later it
would be noted that their perihelions were also grouped in space (see map -1-).
The perihelion of <i>Planet X</i> is in the same direction as the aphelion of
the 6 objects. Although everyone knows that in the vicinity of the sun the
planets move faster, it remains to be explained why <i>Planet X</i> (or IX), ended so
far from the sun. Batygin and Brown, argued that <i>Planet X</i>, initially
formed closer to the sun along Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and, that in
an embryonic solar system any planet could be ripped out by a gravitational
envelope of another giant gaseous. Now with the help of the Japanese Subaru
8-meter telescope, located on top of Mount Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Trujillo will search for <i>Planet X</i> (or IX) for 5 years.<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ9ITyJwgNuddRjpjUZ-w2zL_hT2UyEn3F_5P8ySl46PN9Am7YcOdzjpNrBDeaStVwhdkwaDBDeaHO5wfYvBVWZPSI-bWKteciPlfBfgyNSKC9DEt7BBF2kDLbTz27rKJrjKutSA/s1600/Science+OK.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ9ITyJwgNuddRjpjUZ-w2zL_hT2UyEn3F_5P8ySl46PN9Am7YcOdzjpNrBDeaStVwhdkwaDBDeaHO5wfYvBVWZPSI-bWKteciPlfBfgyNSKC9DEt7BBF2kDLbTz27rKJrjKutSA/s320/Science+OK.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: whitesmoke; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Diagram, taken from <i>Science</i>, 2019.</b><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Batygin
and M. Brown.</span></span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: whitesmoke; color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">2) THE FICTIONAL?</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="background: whitesmoke; color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: whitesmoke; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Regarding the above, it is necessary to comment on the translations and
interpretations of ancient Sumerian texts (6000 years old), made with cuneiform
writing and plotted on clay tablets, especially those of the myth: "<i>Enuma
Elish, 7 tablets of creation</i>" stored in the British Museum, telling in
metaphorical language: the creation of our SS and the existence of a dark and
giant planet: Nibiru (equivalent to <i>Planet X or IX</i>), invading our SS, colliding with
Uranus causing inclination of its plane and colliding also with the Earth, splitting it
into 2 halves, then continuing in its planetary orbit. Nibiru was described as a
constituent of a binary solar state or the part</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> of an extrasolar system, in
accordance with texts reproduced by Campbell Thompson (A Catalog of the Late
Babylonian Tablets in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, London 1927), translated by:</span><span style="background: whitesmoke;"><span style="color: #ba0008; float: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span></span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px;" title=""><span style="color: black;">Zecharia Sitchin (See map prepared by. -2-),</span>
<span style="color: black;">Austen Henry Layard, Hormuzd Rassam and George Smith.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif3hywDYg0cKYSJdwasSYGRWZB87LwP9XCoAdX1ClPasYVdlxmCdqGdkzGWYbLnRqegzAR4vGzig49-sq6D8kBIbA3A5f7M3W6G_ivkxzjeq4_SV5AqrFnVXVg2SkHqH8rlHkzOQ/s1600/Zecharia+OK.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="943" data-original-width="1527" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif3hywDYg0cKYSJdwasSYGRWZB87LwP9XCoAdX1ClPasYVdlxmCdqGdkzGWYbLnRqegzAR4vGzig49-sq6D8kBIbA3A5f7M3W6G_ivkxzjeq4_SV5AqrFnVXVg2SkHqH8rlHkzOQ/s320/Zecharia+OK.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Zecharia Sitchin. 1976. Book: The 12th planet.<span style="color: #ba0008; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px;" title=""><br /></span><br />
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<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-30981275691933785612019-07-27T15:42:00.002-07:002019-07-27T15:42:42.863-07:00QUANTUM COMPUTER<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: red;">A BREAKTHROUGH IS COMING</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">"Quantum computers can keep up with the
(true), complexity of nature." “Accurate modeling, has applications for
engineering, medicine, energy production and much more”:</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> <b>Richard Feynman</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><b><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-supremacy-is-coming-heres-what-you-should-know-20190718/"><br /></a></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><b><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-supremacy-is-coming-heres-what-you-should-know-20190718/">From quantamagazine</a></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Although a quantum computer (QC), prototype
already works and is marketed <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(D-Wave S.),
installed in modules of 5 x 5m and heights of 7m., insulated with fiberglass
from the environment, with 50 <i>qbits</i> inserted in silica receivers,
protected by a near zero absolute cooling, with softwares adapted to electrons,
with environmental insulation, to avoid interference and errors. <b>What is
missing ... What is left over</b>? There is an excess of optimism, such as that
of Geordie Rose, co-founder of D-Wave System, who has made some predictions: <b>One)</b>
2020, using a QC, the NASA will identify 40 light years from Earth, a planet
with atmosphere and oceans of liquid water, similar to the Earth. <b>Two)</b>
2023, Experiments with QCs, will demonstrate the existence of parallel
universes. <b>Three)</b> 2028: QCs will play a critical role in creating
robots, which will match everything a human does. On the other hand, Google,
Intel and IBM, also have prototypes of QCs, not commercialized of 45 <i>qbits,</i>
although they hope to escalate <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the
number of their <i>qbits</i> to 1000 or more, in order to be able to predict
climatic changes, perform data encryption (100%, safe), develop new materials,
etc. <b>What is missing? 1)</b> Avoid <i>decoherence</i> (<i>qbits</i>
collapse), induced by noise, temperature changes, vibrations. Given this
fragility, the <i>qbits,</i> require temperatures close to absolute zero (-273 <sup>o</sup>C
Celsius), to remain stable. <b>2)</b> New software and interconnect
technologies are needed to take advantage of the gigantic processing power of QCs.
As it is known while in classical computers (CC), a <i>bit (transistor</i>),
supposes 2 separate states (0 and 1), in a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>QC, a <i>qbit</i> is 0 and 1 at the same time (<i>superposition</i>), a
phenomenon that together with <i>entanglemen</i>t (combinations of <i>qbits </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>superpositions</i>), allow a QC, to
calculate in hours the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>complex modeling <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of a molecule, which possibly would take years
to a CC. 300 combinations of exponential superposition <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of <i>qbits </i>would produce more overlapping
states than existing atoms in the visible universe. <b>3)</b> There are 6 to 7
different types of <i>qubits,</i> although only 3 or 4 are used. To obtain a
superposition, 2 <i>qubits</i> are needed and for an <i>entanglement</i> more
than 3. Some <i>qbits</i> need superconductors (where electrons flow without
resistance), others: oscillating charges of ions kept fixed by lasers, also
silica <i>qbits </i>with a single electron, controlled by microwaves. <b>4)</b>
Increase the number of <i>qbits </i>to 1 million. Continue working with QC
simulators. Increase the number of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #323232; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">math
softwares. Improve the accuracy of <i>qbits</i> controller microwaves. <b>5)</b>
Given the enormous amounts of money to be invested, it is important to have a
coordinated work strategy between universities, governments and industry. <b>6)</b>
Promote the growth of artificial intelligence (AI), through the use of QCs. <b>7)</b>
Establish the supremacy of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>QCs over the CCs, solving problems that the
latter cannot do. Establish new ways (faster, more efficient), to perform
certain calculations, in order to facilitate modeling of the brain, of complex
molecules, of factoring large numbers solving encryption problems, taking as an
example the Shor's algorithm (factorization of large numbers), of great
practical contributions. According to Scott Aronson (Texas University), QCs
must solve certain problems, better than CCs. It is important that QCs can solve
the <i>random circuit sampling</i> problem (take random efficient quantum
circuits and generate samples for external distribution), build quantum
circuits of at least a certain minimum size, with which CCs, do not count. <b>8</b>)
Reduce the error, especially now that the number of gates and <i>qbits</i> must
be increased. The most crucial mistake is that which occurs every time a gate
is used. Try that error for gates of <i>qbits</i>, be around: 0.1%. <b>9)</b> <b>How
much is missing to have a universal quantum computer</b>? Google that favor the
supremacy of QCs, hopes to present one of them, at the end of 2019. Without
ruling on the date: IBM, IonQ, Rigetti and Harvard University, say it will be
very soon. Harvard University that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>uses
rubidium atoms and Microsof atoms that uses topological <i>qbits</i>, need more
time.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #323232; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #323232; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-PE;">Since silicon
<i>qbits</i> are fixed and need to be individually calibrated,they <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>will have a difficult task at <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>time of increasing the number of their <i>qbits.</i>
Trapped ions give more time to make sure of their collapse, due to
environmental noise. On the other hand, its gates are very slow allowing ions
to move, when they are not needed. Some think that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>qbits</i>
should adopt 2 <i>bit</i> qualities of CCs: be easily scalable and impeccable. 1<b>0)</b>
<b>Anything else</b>? According to Adam Bouland (California, University,
Berkeley), after QCs solve the problem of <i>random circuit sampling,</i> there
will be others, especially everyday tasks: financial services, AI, chemistry,
creation of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>QCs capable of
self-eliminating their errors in real time, so that at <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the end, they will<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>offer calculations without errors, which will
require massive amounts of error-correcting <i>qbits</i>, connected to each
logic gate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-70062291618691476492019-07-24T03:58:00.002-07:002019-07-24T03:58:21.193-07:00POTENTIAL TELEPATHY?<br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">IT'S NOT
TELEPATHY, BUT IT IS NEAR TO BE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Telepathy:
"Supposed communication of thoughts or ideas by means other than the known
senses."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">If for some
reason we were conscious but unable to speak, how would we communicate with the
rest of the people? Recent research conducted at the University of San
Francisco (UCSF), by Josh Chartier and Edward Chang, allows the generation of
synthesized spoken language, from about 100 brain signals responsible for
precisely coordinating the movements of lips, jaw, tongue and larynx, inducing
our breathing to form words and sentences. Only the medium used (electricity)
separates the definition of telepathy from what has been achieved. 5 volunteers
who were being treated for epilepsy read phrases aloud, while a grid of 256
electrodes placed on the surface of their cerebral sensory motor cortices
recorded and measured the resulting signals. Computational models based on
these data allowed researchers to decode the way in which the patterns of
activity of speech brain centers contributed to generate particular movements
in their vocal tracts. Later, the simulated movements of the vocal tracts were
transformed into sounds, generating intelligible synthesized speech. The sound
patterns of the individual words synthesized from brain activity were very
similar to those originally spoken. The model can also decode the acoustic
differences between participating voices and can also do so even when the participants
mouthed sentences. Now, enormous possibilities are open.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-23259262351886796182019-06-08T21:44:00.002-07:002019-06-09T18:11:29.962-07:00HOW TO CREATE A UNIVERSE<br />
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<span style="color: yellow; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: blue; font-size: 18.6667px;"><b>From quantamagazine<a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-debate-hawkings-idea-that-the-universe-had-no-beginning-20190606/">https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-debate-hawkings-idea-that-the-universe-had-no-beginning-20190606/</a></b></span></span><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: red;">WHERE WE COME FROM?</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"What will lead us to
make great efforts to know our universe. <b>Answer</b>: Perhaps, with the growing
knowledge that we have today, in the future, an advanced human civilization will create
a new universe, either because we are fleeing from universal cataclysmic
events, either because we want better designs, or because we want to be
immortals. This saga was initiated by </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Lemaître </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">and continued by Hawking and others......".</span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There are cosmology models, which
could explain the origin of our universe and of living beings.<b>1) BIG BANG
THEORY</b>. After solving the equations of Einstein, on the geometry of the
universe, the catholic physicist Georges Lemaître, postulated that our universe
was expanding; opinion backed by astronomers V.M. Slipher, C.W. Wirtz and E.
Hubble after observing a redshift of light from spiral nebulae. Thanks to this
finding, Lemaître, proposed in 1931 the hypothesis that the universe would have
originated in the explosion (Big Bang) of a primeval atom: a dense, hot point,
full of energy, continued by an expansion (<i>cosmic inflation</i>). An
objection to this theory was made by Alan Guth, in 1980, who said that
physicists would accept such a theory, if the expansion had been disordered,
chaotic, instead of smooth and orderly with possibilities of being flat because
of gravity. Additional objections: where did the energy come from to expand the
universe? What was there before the Big Bang? <b>2) THEORY OF NO BOUNDARY
PURPOSAL.</b> In 1981, Stephen Hawking argued before the Pontifical Academy of
Sciences of the Vatican that the early universe originated in a space-time
without limits (<i>no boundary proposal</i>), blurry, with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>form of a cap-off, similar to the south pole
of the earth : a <i>singularity</i> without limits, without beginning or end,
starting from a scratch, where time did not exist, as it was potentially
contained in the <i>singularity</i> of the primal atom. Space and time would be
born after the <i>Big Bang. </i>According to this theory, the concept of a
principle of the universe has no meaning, because its origin was the emergence
of a <i>singularity</i> in the <i>pre-Big Bang </i>space. This state of
Hartle-Hawking, although without principle, is not necessarily a universe in a
stationary state. In 1983, James Hartle, conceived the universe like a badminton projectile (<i>shuttlecock</i>), with a bottom diameter
equal to 0, widening gently and gradually in the opposite part. This conical form,
explained in an equation (<i>wave function of the universe</i>), covered all the past and the future. According to Hawking, it
made no sense to ask what was there before the Big Bang, because there was no
notion of time to refer to. However, in 2014, Hartle (University of
California), reconceptualized time: every moment in the universe would be a
cross section of the conic area. Correlating the size of the universe in each
cross section with other properties (<i>entropy</i>, which increases from the
bottom to the feathers of the <i>shuttlecock</i>), would configure an emergent
arrow of time. Another objection to Hartle, was that at the bottom of the <i>shuttlecock,</i>
</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">the correlations of time are not so reliable, because this cease, being
replaced by pure space. At this point, Neil Turok (Perimeter Institute for
Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada), commented that these ideas
represented an initial quantum description of the cosmos. 2 years later, Turok
and collaborators said that they would accept the viability of a universe
without limits, only if it were curved outwards from a point without dimensions
growing in a similar way to the actual universe. Hawking and Hartle argued that
unlimited universes tend to be huge, smooth, flat and expansive. Turok and
others, refuted Hartle and Hawking's with new math techniques that improved the
predictions. In 1915, Einstein said that the concentrations of matter and
energy distort the matter and energy of space and in 1960, Hawking and Penrose
proved that when the space-time <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is bent
intensely, as happens inside a <i>black hole</i> or a <i>Big Bang</i>, these
collapse infinitely curving towards a <i>singularity, so,</i> Einstein's
equations stop working, being needed a new quantum theory of gravity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After being calculated the integral path of these
collisions <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was possible to obtain the
wave function (probabilistic distribution of universe emergencies or possible
states, after the collision of particles). Thanks to this, the wave function of
the universe was described as the sum of all possible paths that a smooth
expansion of a universe can take, starting from a point</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 107%;">. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">it is the sum of many stories of
universes with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>different sizes, shapes and dimensions, with a
high probability that one of them has a smooth, smooth, flat conformation. If
we did not find one such as ours, the wave function of the universe built for a
universe without limits would be an error. <span style="color: #777777;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>At present, physicists know 2 possible
dominant expansions of calculation, which the universe can have. After the
start of the expansion from a scratch, these universes expand according to
Einstein's theory of gravity and space-time. One of these 2 solutions resemble
our universe, being at large scales: soft and speckled randomly with energy,
due to quantum fluctuations during inflation</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> If this possible solution
dominates the wave function, in experiments performed in minispaces, it will
be possible to imagine that a more detailed and accurate version of the wave
function without limits could serve as a viable cosmological model of the real
universe. And, if the 2 dominant stories had locations on the map, this should
be resolved at some point, because the trend is that we should adopt is only one
way, rather than an integration of both. In this regard, in an article
published in 2017, Turok, Feldbrugge and Lehners adopted an expansive cosmic
path promoted by the second dominant solution, adopting real, rather than
imaginary values for physics, to make sense. In experiments performed in minispaces,
only the contours that capture a coherent history of expansion make sense. On
the other hand, quantum mechanics requires normalizable probabilities, in which
the highly fluctuable universe designed by Turok does not take place. In 1960
John Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt, argued that the wave function of the universe
could not depend on time, because there was no external clock, to measure it
and because the amount of energy in the universe tends to be zero forever.
Always innovative and shortly before dying Hawking already used holography, treating space-time as a hologram, in which the total geometry of the represented
past could predict the present. On the other hand, Turok, Latham Boyle and
Kieran Finn, developed a cosmological model without limits, that instead of
continuing with the badminton projectile (<i>shuttlecock</i>), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>charts the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bottoms<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>of 2 united universes : <i>cork to cork</i>, with time fluctuating in 2
directions, matter and antimatter, right and left, forward and backward in
time, with the objection that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mirror
images of the universe, unite in a <i>singularity </i>that requires a depth understanding
of the unknown quantum theory of gravity. <b>3) THEORY OF THE CYCLIC UNIVERSE</b>.
Sustained in 1980, by Vilekin and Linde, based on a theoretical rebirth of the <i>tunnel
propossing,</i> to understand how the universe would have been formed from
nothing. It conceives the birth of the universe as a tunnel-like quantum
mechanical event, similar to when a particle emerges beyond a barrier in a
quantum experiment, favoring empty universes, being large amounts of matter and
energy necessary to be viable. Its advantage is that the proposed tunnel favors
the emergence of multiple universes, full of energy and matter like ours.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-91548183924705516492019-05-07T20:19:00.003-07:002019-05-08T09:32:53.975-07:00ALTERNATIVES TO OXYGEN UPTAKE, TRANSPORT AND DELIVERY<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/icefish-study-adds-another-color-to-the-story-of-blood-20190422/">From quantamagazine</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: red;">TEMPORARY REPLACEMENT OF
HEMOGLOBIN, RED BLOOD CELLS AND OXYGEN UPTAKE</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There are many patients in this world with pulmonary
fibrosis (permanent respiratory failure) and severe aplastic anemia (failure to
produce blood), being the treatments based on oxygen administration and blood
transfusions. Although in the last decades lung and bone marrow transplants
have been started, some problems persist (rejection of tissue transplanted due
to tissue incompatibility, lack of donors and so on), being required broader
medical visions to solve these diseases. Perhaps by turning our gaze towards
nature, we can find successful answers, such as the temporary (or permanent)
substitution of human blood and/or obtaining environmental oxygen (O2), by alternative
mechanisms to those carried out by human lung alveoli. To the family <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Channichthyidae,</i> belongs a vertebrate
fish (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">icefish</i>), native of Antarctica,
with black fins, lack <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of scales,
transparent bones and colorless blood, lacking in pigments of hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells, which obtain O2 from the cold Antarctic waters by diffusion
to back pressure through gills towards their blood plasma. Neither blood has to
be red, nor oxygen transport always have to be linked to the hem fraction of
red blood cells. In most environments, icefish<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>mutation (s) would have been fatal, but not in the frigid
Antarctic waters where O2 is much more dissolved than in warm waters. Regarding
the emergence of Hb, some scientists believe that it should go back to the
origin of the first cells that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tested</i>
a series of pigments to choose it. According to <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-0812-7">Nature Ecology & Evolution,</a>in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">icefish</i>, their genomes developed
adaptations: extra genes, to produce antifreeze blood proteins, increase of
enzymes to protect the tissues from the side effects of O2, in the blood. Only
vertebrates have red blood cells and Hb, given the extreme natural affinity of
the body for O2. Invertebrates use other metalloprotein pigments in their
blood.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Insects
and arthropods use hemocyanin, a bluish pigment that contains copper and
others: greenish chlorocruorine. The first cells were urged to mobilize
electrons (oxidation-reduction), outside and inside their limits as part of
their metabolism, generating molecules in the form of rings (porphyrins), which
retained an iron or copper atom which developed great affinity for the O2. Hb
is the interconnected product of 4 globin proteins, each holding a heme.
According to <a href="https://www.amnh.org/research/staff/mark-e.-siddall"><b>Mark Syddall</b></a> (American Museum of Natural History), the first cells
breathed by simple diffusion. By then, Hb was ready and, with each O2 molecule
trapped by the pigment, the following were more easily captured. The Hb turned
out to be very efficient to capture O2 from the open air and from the lungs,
gradually releasing it to tissues deprived of it. The hemocyanin used by
invertebrates was less efficient than Hb, to capture O2 because it did not work
collaboratively as the constituents of Hb. However, human Hb does not behave
efficiently when O2 is low, decreasing its effectiveness with the fall in
temperature.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Conversely, for octopus that live near the floor of
the cold ocean, hemocyanin is better. In insects the equivalent of blood is
hemolymph, a clear liquid, which contains small amounts of hemocyanin, that can remain in the hemolymph by storing O2 for later use. Although
another pigment: hemerythrin, only has ¼ of the capacity of the O2 of Hb,
suitably serves worms that use it. Although insect pigments do not have a high
affinity for O2, they do not need red blood cells to maintain it. On the other
hand, because hemocyanin, hemerythrin and other pigments are bigger, they have
to polymerize to molecules, keeping metal atoms attached to O2, away from
casual metal interactions. Hb is small and its heme highly reactive and toxic,
so the liver produces haptoglobin to remove Hb from broken human red blood
cells.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hb also has a high affinity for nitric oxide, so that
an excess of free Hb can capture blood nitric oxide that potentially can cause
hypertension and reduced blood flow to body organs. On the other hand, the
naked heme molecules attack the membrane lipids damaging other structures.
Proteins isolated from globin can clog the filtration system of the kidneys. As
seen, the evolution of red blood cells was optimized for a better distribution
of O2: ejecting its nucleus and other organelles producing greenish compounds
(biliverdin), less toxic. By packaging the Hb inside the red blood cells, its
toxicity was avoided. Hb is not the ideal molecule to transport O2 in all
circumstances, being possible to avoid<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the use of red blood cells and Hb, replacing
them with other pigments like to those used by current invertebrates. With the
current technology, perhaps it would be soon possible to use artificial gills
attached to the most capillarized parts of human skin, injecting temporarily through
it backpressure O2 and simultaneously<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>expelling
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CO2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-29245642540102216772019-04-10T18:11:00.001-07:002019-04-10T18:12:30.036-07:00AUTISM<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><b><a href="https://www.larecherche.fr/sant%C3%A9-neurosciences-autisme/lintelligence-singuli%C3%A8re-des-autistes">From la Recherche</a></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: red;"><b>AUTISM</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">By the way, autists have <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">another type of intelligence</i> (visual,
verbal), intensely studied, at present. Einstein (virtual experiment of the
elevator), Schrödinger (virtual experiment of the live-dead cat), Tesla
(mentally designed machines and then built them as soon as possible), Bobby
Fischer (mobilized imaginary pieces of chess, on an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad hoc</i> board painted in the roof of his bedroom) and other
prominent famous men of science, are remembered for their mental-visual
experiments. Einstein's story is famous describing a fictional-visual journey
mounted on a ray of light, trying to understand what was happening in his
environment as he progressed. Were autistic, some of the geniuses mentioned?
Maybe, maybe not; but that they had almost autistic visual minds, no doubt
about it. Much progress has been made in the knowledge of autism: from
considering it a mental disability to valuing it as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">another type of mind</i>. Currently, accelerated progress towards
learning sort of visual-virtual type is visible, one capable of simplifying the
teaching-learning to seconds or simple hits. It is known that autists have very
developed functionalities in the occipital and prefrontal brain lobes
associated with peculiar processes for reasoning and processing information,
and it is expected that some of these (especially visual ones) will be
incorporated into the baggage of future learning-teaching generations of
children with standard (normal) minds. Teaching-learning will give a big turn
of the screw based on autistic visual principles because their procedures are
more accurate and real. Not all autistics exercise their intelligence in the
same domains (visual, language) and each autistic has a different intelligence
with different brain bases. Leo Kanner in 1940, described children who, beyond
their apparent disinterest in their human environment, presented significant
delay in oral language: they began to speak using a particular language:
seemingly non-communicative repetitions, great verbal memory (remember bus
schemes, read with ease historical and musical facts).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alternatively, Hans Asperger
described children with understandable initial language, normal intelligence or
above average, intense interest in a particular area, original intelligence
above the ordinary, albeit with certain inability to adapt to their environment
to the point that some spoke little, nothing or atypically, while others were
totally dependent on their environment, to survive. However, almost all
exhibited cognitive tasks at a high level in a particular area: knowledge of
letters and numbers from 2-3 years old, or execution from the 3 years of
puzzles, usually solved by children of 5 years. It is known that in some
autistic type Kanner or Asperger, there are no genetic anomalies other than
those observed in the general population, however some genetic anomalies have
been identified in fraternal brothers, with autism. It is also known the syndromic
autism (deletion in multiple parts of the genome, affecting a 1/10 of people
with autism). Autistics without delay in the initial oral language will be
excellent in verbal reasoning, vocabulary and general verbal knowledge. Beyond
these differences the activated occipital lobe, in autistic is apt to develop a
particular expertise in certain fields to which they dedicate considerable time
and energy. When the brain activity is recorded in normal volunteers, doing
tasks, the activity is distributed in a vast brain neural network, mainly in
the parietal and occipital lobes, activating in autistic and non-autistic, the
same brain network of reasoning. When autistic people are compared with
non-autistic people, while they solve reasoning problems, autistic people have
a higher level of activity in the occipital lobe and less in the cortex of the
prefrontal lobe. However, the most active areas of the autistic are the visuals
associated with the development, maintenance and manipulation of mental images.
The most active areas of the non-autistic are those associated with work and
verbal memory and the generation of hypotheses. It is assumed that the modes of
reasoning differ between autistic and non-autistic, with visual perception
being more related to reasoning and intelligence in autistics.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "inherit" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> On the other hand, we know
that complex reasoning and the capacity for abstraction are based on good
communication between brain regions associated with reasoning and that the
complexity of reasoning is associated with greater activity in the brain areas
of reasoning. In autistic people there seems to be less communication between
the different regions of reasoning and that a lesser modulation of this
communication depends on a lower complexity of the reasoning. However, in autistic
people, communication in the occipital cortex is more active during reasoning.
However, in autistic patients, communication between the occipital cortex and
other regions is greater if the complexity of the reasoning is greater. They
confirm the increased role of visual perception in the processes of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fluid reasoning</i> in people with autism,
which diminish the need to use well-adapted tests to measure autistic
intelligence. So, it would not be appropriate to present blind visual sequences
to evaluate their intellectual performance. Therefore, people with autism look
disadvantaged by the type of equipment and tools used to assess their
intelligence. When we present them open oral questions, without visual aids and
no choice of answers for them to organize, we are underestimating the
intellectual capacity of people with autism. When one asks complex and
abstract, written or graphic questions with choice of answers to guide thought,
one can highlight much higher reasoning skills. In a test like the Raven
matrices, to measure <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fluid intelligence</i>
(reasoning, thinking logically, inferring solutions to new problems) or, in
similar tasks, autistic people are good or excellent. It is good to adopt this
statement to promote learning, in autistics, presenting information in a
comprehensive and organized way, allowing them to organize, manipulate and
classify it, making it easy to learn, by making it correspond more to their
spontaneous learning. What agrees with the information collected in many cases
of autistic children, who learned to read, work on computers or play the piano,
by themselves, using abundant material identifying patterns and the underlying
structure of arrangements, letters, numbers or notes. Experimentally, children
with autism learn better to distinguish 2 groups of stimuli: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a)</b> if they are shown all the stimuli at
the same time, observing differences and similarities. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">b)</b> The learning is less significant if they are presented with a
stimulus at the same time (previous classical path, for autistic). Present only
one item at a time, deprive autists of the information they need to learn
optimally.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-32669682704579976572019-03-31T18:24:00.002-07:002019-04-05T04:34:38.033-07:00PLASTICITY OF HUMAN BODY TO EXTREME CONDITIONS<br />
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<h1 class="title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-color, var(--yt-spec-text-primary)); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-font-size, 1.8rem); font-weight: 400; line-height: 2.4rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 4.8rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-shadow: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-text-shadow, none); transform: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-transform, none);">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: red;">IS THERE A HUMAN BODY PLASTICITY? WHAT ARE ITS LIMITS?</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">According to 2 notes written in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://www.larecherche.fr/sant%C3%A9-biologie-exp%C3%A9dition-5300/%C3%A0-la-rinconada-des-avanc%C3%A9es-consid%C3%A9rables-dans-le-monde-de-l%E2%80%99hypoxie">LaRecherche</a></i>, a little more than 15 French scientists led by Samuel Vergès
(Hypoxia Physiopathology Laboratory of Grenoble, INSERM, University Grenoble
Alpes), are <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>studying now <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in La Rinconada-Peru (5100-5300 masl: meters
above sea level, city of 50 000 inhabitants, dedicated to mining activity), the
effects of hypoxia on sleep, physical exercise, genetics, hematological field and
cardiovascular adaptation of this population as well as certain chronic health
problems that affect 25% of permanent residents of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>La Rinconada. It is known that in Mount Blanc
(4807 masl), the oxygen content of the inspired air is scarcely 50% of the
existing at sea level, while in the summit of the Everest this gas is barely
28%. It is also known that after a few weeks of adaptation to the environment,
most newcomers to hypoxic environments increase their production of red blood
cells to better transport oxygen, especially muscle and brain tissue, which are
very sensitive to hypoxia. Thanks to these adaptations, more than 250 million
people in the world live above 2,500 masl, thousands of permanent residents inhabit
cities above 4000 masl in South America, Tibet and the Himalayas, while
hundreds of hikers ascend every year up to 4000-5000 masl, without cylinders of
oxygen. To adapt to hypoxia, the human body has chemoreceptors (nerve cells),
sensitive to changes in blood oxygenation in different body parts, which in
case of hypoxia, induce the respiratory and cardiovascular systems to increase
their respiratory and cardiac rates, partially compensating for low oxygen
pressure, improving arterial oxygenation and increasing blood flow to various
organs. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1)</b> So, does the human body <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in toto</i> dispose of the capacity to adapt
to any extreme environment? There are reports of remarkable corporal changes in
environments with prolonged weightlessness. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2)</b> What will happen when we will inhabit during several generations:
Mars, Ganymede, the Moon, etc. Will we suffer bodily adaptations or genetic
adjustments (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5161537/">Bigham A.W. 2018</a>)?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">50% of inhabitants who live at sea level and who travel to hypoxic
environments of more than 4000 masl and ascend quickly, suffer from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">acute mountain sickness</i>: headaches,
nausea, fatigue, tinnitus that can be disabling and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which however, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>can resolve spontaneously or with rest,
although in some cases these effects can induce pulmonary or cerebral edema,
which could lead to death. There are, however, some differences: some ascend
Everest without oxygen cylinders, while others develop pulmonary edema at only
3500 masl. It is argued that some Sherpas and Tibetans would have developed
genetic modifications to adapt to hypoxia and that 5 to 20% of permanent
residents of high altitude (above 3500 masl), suffer from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chronic mountain sickness or, Monge's disease</i> (exacerbated
production of red blood cells, promoter of an <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>increase in blood viscosity, which increases
cardiac overload causing serious cardiovascular events, persistent headaches,
neurological disorders and alterations in blood flow). With these new studies,
Samuel Vergès hopes to answer: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3)</b>
why do some and not all residents of high altitude suffer from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chronic mountain sickness</i>? To answer
this question, Vergès now has an excellent methodological design, advanced
techniques, new ideas and an excellent spirit. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4)</b> How does the human body adapt to high-altitude hypoxia?
According to Vergès, outlining answers to this question will allow developing
strategies to develop better performances in elite athletes, better understand certain
extreme lung diseases and even prolong life. There will not be a single answer
because it will depend in part on the interindividual peculiarities of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>each
inhabitant of the Rinconada. According to Vergès although it is considered
impossible to live beyond 5000 masl, the residents of La Rinconada have
developed physiological adaptations that allow them to tolerate hypoxia, in a
more or less acceptable way. For Vergès, high-altitude hypoxia is a challenge
for humans, both for residents from sea level, who arrive for the first time at
great altitude, and for permanent residents, who have developed adaptations during
generations. Preliminary studies of the French scientific team conducted on 800
residents of La Rinconada have identified 25% suffering from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chronic mountain sickness</i>. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5)</b> Residents under study, have been
divided into 2 groups: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a)</b> those who
suffer from the effects of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chronic
mountain sickness</i> with a symptom’score greater than 10 and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">b)</b> others with few symptoms with
different safety profiles at height. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6)</b>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>50 residents divided in 2 groups of 25,
to whom samples have been taken for genetic, epigenetic, biological and
hematological studies.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Their states have been
evaluated: vascular, cardiac, respiratory and cerebral, including a sleep
assessment by means of polygraphy and a stress test. Most of those with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chronic mountain sickness</i> show
hematocrit values: greater than 80%, being their blood very viscous. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">7)</b> With these findings Vergès fears
that classical hypothesis (what suggests a direct link between excessively high
hematocrit and symptoms of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chronic
mountain disease</i>), be outdated. First results obtained with ultrasound of
many of these inhabitants show a large dilation of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>brain and arms arteries, in order to maintain
an adequate blood flow in spite of the high blood viscosity, although this
adaptation in the long run, may alter the ability of these blood vessels to
dilate more, if necessary in some organs (due to the need for oxygen and
nutrients).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 20.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">To this respect at the moment it is thought that these arterial
dilatations allow to tolerate very high hematocrits and that great dilation of
blood vessels could be responsible for the symptoms of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chronic mountain disease</i> (without the hematocrit being so
important), causing the deterioration of affected people to tolerate certain
health problems.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 20.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">The development of sleep
apnea induced by hypoxia during sleep could favor the development of pulmonary
arterial hypertension. This study<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>could
help to improve blood viscosity, reduce the deleterious effects of the
cardiovascular consequences of chronic hypoxia, make recommendations for
transient decrease at a lower height, determine the relationship between
genetic, epigenetic and physiological specificities by comparing bodily parameters
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of Peruvians living at sea<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>level <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peruvians
living at different altitudes including those of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>La Rinconada with and without high altitude
intolerance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10504874.post-21900616047957266942019-03-20T07:17:00.003-07:002019-03-25T10:51:48.139-07:00CONCIOUSNESS<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/neuroscience-readies-for-a-showdown-over-consciousness-ideas-20190306/">From quantamagazine</a></b></span></div>
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<b>TWO THEORIES</b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b>I)</b>According to Giulio Tononi (director of the sleep
and consciousness research center, University of Wisconsin-Madison),
consciousness is an intrinsic property of any cognitive network with specific
findings in its architecture. A theory baptized by Tononi as <b>Integrated Theory
of Information: IIT,</b> which stipulates that to be aware is to have an experience
(dreams or anything). And, although a human being can have "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">blank mind</i>" states usually achieved
through meditation, this is also a conscious experience. Tononi and Christof
Koch (Director of the Allen Institute: Brain Science), have established the
essential characteristics of conscious experiences. They are: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">subjective</b> (they exist only for the
conscious entity), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">structured</b> (their
contents are related to each other: the blue book is on the table), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">specific</b> (the book is not blue, it is
red), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">unified</b> (there is only one
experience at a given time) and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">definitive</b>
(there are connections to the content of the experience). With these axioms,
Tononi and Koch have deduced the properties that a physical system should have
to get some degree of consciousness. The IIT does not describe consciousness
within the canyons of information processing, but as the causal power of a
system to differentiate the conscious experience in itself. For Koch, the conscience
is a system of abilities that acting by itself in the past is capable of
influencing its own future. The more power the system has over causes and
effects, it will generate more awareness. For Tononi and Koch, it is not
possible to relate the emergence of consciousness to systems in which
information is hardly converted into inputs-outputs (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">zombie</i> digital computers), which, although they can simulate acting
as conscious computers, lack such property. According to Koch, in order to be
aware, digital computers must have the correct hardware, adding that any system
(organism, artifact), with the required network architecture, may have some
awareness.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">John Searle (Philosopher of Mind and Consciousness,
University of California, Berkeley), labels the IIT theory, as a form of
panpsychism (belief that the mind and consciousness invade the entire cosmos).
It is not that this theory is false, says Searle, but that it does not even
reach the level of false, adding that consciousness comes in units and panpsychism
is incapable of specifying them. Although Koch and Tononi believe that
consciousness can be an attribute of many things, a significant amount of it
only exists in particular kinds of things: in specific areas of human brains,
with consciousness being an elementary property of living matter. Koch and
Tononi have specified criteria to identify what kinds of things are aware,
emphasizing that being the conscience a special network of information
processing, there is a measure of integration of information: Φ, amount of
irreducible cause-effect structure: that explains how the cognitive network as
a whole can influence itself, depending on interconnectivity and feedback. If a
larger network is divided into small networks that do not exercise causal power
in others, it will have a low value, no matter how many processing nodes it
has. For Koch, any system whose functional connectivity and architecture
provides a value of Φ greater than zero have a minimum of conscious experience,
including regulatory biochemical networks of living cells and electronic
circuits with correct feedback architecture. Even simple matter has a minimum Φ
(atoms can influence other atoms). However, systems that have enough Φ to
"recognize" their existence like us, are rare. II) The other theory
held by Stanislas Dehaene (Collège de France, Paris), argues that the behavior
of consciousness is born when someone takes a piece of information from a
global area of work (Global Workspace: GW) contained within the brain, from
where it broadcast to brain modules associated with specific tasks. </span></div>
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<img alt="Resultado de imagen para global workspace dehaene" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR0Q4R47gk348xSP3KXTzTyB10ysjP4t27QHfQR-HXFpm_IbFhV" /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="https://www.google.com.pe/search?q=global+workspace+dehaene&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiX9P3L8pDhAhWptlkKHbq6AzAQ_AUIDigB&biw=1920&bih=937">Taken from Dehaene tutorial.Slide share</a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">The GW,
provides a kind of bottleneck information, characterized by the fact that only
when the first conscious notion slips away, another can take its place. With
the help of brain imaging, Dehaene has studied these bottlenecks, networks of
neurons in the cerebral cortex. For him, consciousness is created in the
prefrontal cerebral cortex, by the workspace itself, characteristic of any
procedural information system, capable of broadcasting information widely to
other processing centers.</span><span lang="EN-US">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Based on the above, Hakwan Lau (psychologist,
University of California, Los Angeles), believes that GWT is mostly related to
function and cognitive access, while IIT is primarily related to phenomenology.
Faced with these 2 structured theories the Templeton World Charity Foundation, will
finance the scientific checks of these 2 theories, having as coordinator to Dawit
Potgieter. According to Koch, only the GWT and the IIT are quantitative and
predictively verifiable. Potgieter who plans a structured collaboration of
these 2 adversaries will make available to them a series of techniques to
monitor brain functions: fMRI, electrocorticography and magnetoencephalography
for 3 years, involving 10-12 laboratories. A recent study conducted by Dehaene
analyzing with fMRI the brain activity in conscious volunteers or under general
anesthesia, showed 2 different patterns: <b>a)</b>
during unconsciousness brain activity persisted only in regions with direct
anatomical connections, while during <b>b)</b>
the conscious activity the complex long-distance interactions did not seem to
be restricted by neural wiring. According to Koch, we will soon have smart
machines that will model most of the human brain characteristics and be aware.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">It is concluded that the 2 previous theories were</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">born from the principle that the brain
functions as a supercomputer with special characteristics (<i>quantum type?</i>),
whose purpose is to maintain a constant, instantaneous and permanent control of
the totality of hundreds of thousands of bodily functions. And, as constant
body control can also mean "</span><i style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">prevent
a bodily malfunction</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">", we will remember the </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">proposal of Antonio
Damasio (neuroscientist, University of Southern California), who described
consciousness as an emergent process (</span><a href="https://www.amazon.es/Self-Comes-Mind-Constructing-Conscious/dp/0307378756" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Book:Self comes to Mind,2010</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">), responsible
for maintaining and controlling the normality of absolutely all human body
physiological systems, creating the evolutionary need to recognize our bodily
self and any bad bodily function that could make our body useless. For this reason
and according to the same Damasio the </span><i style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">out
of body</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> experience is promoted by the need that the conciousness leave a body in crisis
(imminence of death or others), in order to continue monitoring from the
outside the good functioning of the body.</span></div>
<br />Victor Mechán Mendezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07001418684447894429noreply@blogger.com0