Extending the peruvian school hours?
After reading El Comercio online of yesterday (http://www.elcomercioperu.com.pe. 09/02/06), I knew that the Peruvian presidential candidate: Alan Garcia (APRA), had announced -in the primary and secondary educational aspect- his wish to take up again the diurnal student expanded schedule (more daily hours in the school), just as it was carried out 20 years ago in Peruvian’s schools. With security the idea comes to the candidate, of Japanese models where the personal success is associated to a greater number of hours-study that, duplicate or treble to ours. The theme conducted me to revise the plans of government (with emphasis on the educational theme), of the different parties in fight by gaining the presidential elections of April of this year. And I find me with which most educational items do not pass to be but that general statements. Themselves it is found there nothing specific. That is to say, plans that is not swum, like you listen it: absolutely nothing. What different from the recent Chilean electoral process where rightists and leftist, knitting to its general items a series of specific proposals in such way that you fast knew that they were going to carry out important changes in this area. That is to say if we are not capable to gave quality neither depth to the present diurnal hours, we run the risk to extend the hours to the afternoon, cloning the problem. So, instead of one, we are going to have two problems: one in the morning and another in the afternoon. Although in Peru, exist various educators with interesting proposals, for us deserve atention 2 educators with specific and clear proposals: Leon Trahtemberg -who also requests to be an educational czar for 5 years to avoid trip him ups and to carry out soon pertinent modifications and Marcial Rubio, propellant of educational modules. I do not fear to mistake me when I affirm that the proposals of both surpass amply to those of all together political parties.
1) For us the concept of adapted and flexible school, is vital. We understand it in respect to the shifts expanded hourly (tomorrow, late and night), flexible schools, not rigids, neither taxes. If someone desires to study tomorrow and in the afternoon, afternoon and night or, alone in the morning, there is not problem. For us the number of eyewitness hours in the school is not vital, what imports is that the content be absorbed and digested in the school, in the house, in the fields, etc. If, someone alone desires to attend for the tomorrows, so for what reason he must going to lose its time attending in the afternoons or at night. The theme in any case is to have greater time to reflect, to enthrone, to problematize, to digest, to create. Does not it be a matter of having the nose hit to a book or to a shale all the day. It is a matter that the students structure coherent logical thoughts in their brains, not necessarily remaining in the school. He can do that in any place, in air free, in the work, in the home. Therefore, for us is not vital the daily assistence to the school. If someone has Internet, he must study at home to his rhythm, and yield the corresponding exam. Some exceptions must for this method, as for example certain practical classes. A method does not nullify to another, in any case. All students must to yield exams. The nearby teacher offered the first certificate of approval, the one that must be endorsed by a National Examination structured by the Peruvian Minister of Education (given 2 times a year).
2) It will exist 24 basic modules and 70 optatives -included the primary and secondary grade school. 24 basic modules must be of need for all Peruvians students. The student that approve 36 modules (between basic and optatives), have approved the primary and secondary grade school and can enter to the university or upper Technical Institute. With this system someone can do the primary and secobdary grade school in 7 years, in the meantime other willdo that in 13. To the modules can assist children and older adults without distinction. The objective is to have graduate university students among 19-21 years In the primary school, they would exist modules of comprehension of reading (2 months), of sum (1 month), of learning of reading (2 months), of rest, etc. 3 optatives modules could be interchangeable for one basic. In the high altitudes and forest populations some optatives modules must be : elaboration of yoghurt, cheeses, ice creams, care and breeding of productive animals, knowledge of vegetables with medicinal properties etc. The modules content must be suggested by the communities and city halls to funcion of its local needs. The teachers would give official and validated certificates alone to them that that have showed that knows in depth each module thematic. The professors would make their own books and sell it freely. The market will fix the prices. We do not support the existence of unique books sanctified by the government. Each professor would perfect their books year after year, if they wants to be maintained in force. Finally, all the parties speak of a nearby maximum educational budgets of 6%. We believe that it should elevate to 20%. It is a priority area for any government of merits.
Ampliar el numero de horas en la escuela?
1) For us the concept of adapted and flexible school, is vital. We understand it in respect to the shifts expanded hourly (tomorrow, late and night), flexible schools, not rigids, neither taxes. If someone desires to study tomorrow and in the afternoon, afternoon and night or, alone in the morning, there is not problem. For us the number of eyewitness hours in the school is not vital, what imports is that the content be absorbed and digested in the school, in the house, in the fields, etc. If, someone alone desires to attend for the tomorrows, so for what reason he must going to lose its time attending in the afternoons or at night. The theme in any case is to have greater time to reflect, to enthrone, to problematize, to digest, to create. Does not it be a matter of having the nose hit to a book or to a shale all the day. It is a matter that the students structure coherent logical thoughts in their brains, not necessarily remaining in the school. He can do that in any place, in air free, in the work, in the home. Therefore, for us is not vital the daily assistence to the school. If someone has Internet, he must study at home to his rhythm, and yield the corresponding exam. Some exceptions must for this method, as for example certain practical classes. A method does not nullify to another, in any case. All students must to yield exams. The nearby teacher offered the first certificate of approval, the one that must be endorsed by a National Examination structured by the Peruvian Minister of Education (given 2 times a year).
2) It will exist 24 basic modules and 70 optatives -included the primary and secondary grade school. 24 basic modules must be of need for all Peruvians students. The student that approve 36 modules (between basic and optatives), have approved the primary and secondary grade school and can enter to the university or upper Technical Institute. With this system someone can do the primary and secobdary grade school in 7 years, in the meantime other willdo that in 13. To the modules can assist children and older adults without distinction. The objective is to have graduate university students among 19-21 years In the primary school, they would exist modules of comprehension of reading (2 months), of sum (1 month), of learning of reading (2 months), of rest, etc. 3 optatives modules could be interchangeable for one basic. In the high altitudes and forest populations some optatives modules must be : elaboration of yoghurt, cheeses, ice creams, care and breeding of productive animals, knowledge of vegetables with medicinal properties etc. The modules content must be suggested by the communities and city halls to funcion of its local needs. The teachers would give official and validated certificates alone to them that that have showed that knows in depth each module thematic. The professors would make their own books and sell it freely. The market will fix the prices. We do not support the existence of unique books sanctified by the government. Each professor would perfect their books year after year, if they wants to be maintained in force. Finally, all the parties speak of a nearby maximum educational budgets of 6%. We believe that it should elevate to 20%. It is a priority area for any government of merits.
Ampliar el numero de horas en la escuela?
Tras leer el Comercio online del dia de ayer (09/02/06), me entero que el candidato presidencial peruano :Alan Garcia (APRA), ha anunciado -en el aspecto educativo primario y secundario público-, su propensión a retomar el horario diurno ampliado (mas horas de asistencia diaria a la escuela o colegio), tal como hace mas de 20 años se realizaba en el Peru. Con seguridad la idea le viene al candidato, de modelos japoneses donde el éxito personal se asocia a un mayor número de horas-estudio que, que duplican o triplican a los nuestros. El tema me condujo a revisar los planes de gobierno (con énfasis en el tema educativo), de los distintos partidos en pugna por ganar las elecciones presidenciales de Abril de este año. Y me encuentro con que la mayoria de los considerandos educativos no pasan de ser mas que declaraciones generales. No se encuentra ahí nada especifico; es decir, planes que no son nada, como lo escuchan :absolutamente nada.. Que diferencia con el reciente proceso electoral chileno donde derechistas e izquierdistas, imbricaban a sus propuestas generales una serie de proposiciones tan especificas que uno percibia rapidamente que iban a realizarse cambios importantes en este rubro. Es decir si no hemos dado calidad ni profundidad a las horas diurnas actuales, corremos el riesgo de alargar las horas hasta la tarde, clonando el problema. Asi, en lugar de uno, vamos a tener dos problemas : uno en la mañana y otro en la tarde. Aunque en el Peru, existen varios educadores con propuestas interesantes, para nosotros merecen atencion 2 educadores con propuestas especificas y claras: Leon Trahtemberg -quien ademas solicita ser un zar educativo por 5 años para evitar zancadillas y llevar a cabo prontamente las modificaciones y Marcial Rubio, propulsor de los módulos educativos. No temo equivocarme cuando afirmo que las propuestas de ambos superan con creces a las de todos los partidos políticos juntos.
1) Para nosostros el concepto de escuela adaptada y flexible, es vital. Entendemos por ello en lo que respecta al horario, turnos ampliados (mañana, tarde y noche), flexibles, no rigidos ni impuestos. Si alguien desea estudiar mañana y tarde o tarde y noche o, solo en la mañana, no hay problema. Para nosotros el número de horas presencial en la escuela no es vital, lo que importa es que el contenido sea absorbido y digerido en la escuela, en la casa, en el campo,etc. Si, alguien solo puede o desea asistir por las mañanas para que va a perder su tiempo asistiendo por las tardes o por la noche. El tema en todo caso es tener mayor tiempo para reflexionar, entronizar, problematizar, digerir, crear. No se trata de tener la nariz pegada a un libro o a una pizarra todo el dia. Se trata de que los educandos, estructuren pensamientos lógicos coherentes en nuestros cerebros, no necesariamente permaneciendo en la escuela, en cualquier lugar, al aire libre, en el trabajo, en el hogar. Por eso, para nosotros no es vital la asistencia a la escuela. Si alguien dispone de Internet que estudie en casa a su ritmo, que acuda a la escuela y rinda el examen correspondiente. Algunas excepciones habran para este metodo, como por ejemplo ciertas clases practicas. Un metodo no invalida al otro, en todo caso. Todos tienen que rendir examenes. El maestro cercano otorgara el primer certificado de aprobación, el que tendra que ser refrendado por un examen nacional estructurado por el Ministerio de Educación (dado 2 veces al año).
2) Existirian 24 módulos básicos y 70 optativos, incluidas la primaria y la secundaria. 24 módulos basicos serian de necesidad para todos los peruanos El alumno que apruebe 36 modulos (entre básicos y optativos), habra aprobado la primaria y la secundaria y ingresara a la universidad o instituto tecnico superior. Con este sistema alguien podria hacer la primaria o secundaria en 7 años, en tanto otros lo harian en 13. A los modulos asistiran niños, adultos mayores sin distinción. El objetivo es tener universitarios graduados entre los 19-21 años En la primaria, existirían modulos de comprensión de lectura (2 meses), de suma (1 mes), de aprendizaje de lectura (2 meses), de suma, resta, etc. 3 modulos optativos serian intercambiables por uno basico. En la selva y sierra algunos modulos optativos serian : elaboración de yogur, quesos, helados, cuidado y crianza de animales productivos, conocimiento de vegetales con propiedades medicinales etc. Los módulos serian sugeridos por las comunidades y municipalidades a funcion de sus necesidades locales. Se darian certificados oficiales y validados solo al que demuestre que sabe en profundidad cada temática modular. Los profesores estructurarian sus propios libros y los venderian libremente. El mercado fijaria los precios. No apoyamos la existencia de libros unicos santificados por el gobierno. Cada profesor iria perfeccionando su libro año a año, si quiere mantenerse vigente. Finalmente, todos los partidos hablan de presupuestos máximos cercanos al 6%. Nosotros creemos que debe ascender al 20%. Que esta es un area prioritaria para cualquier gobierno de merecimientos.
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