SPACE ELEVATOR: FROM Sci-Fi, TO REALITY
Designed by Konstantin E. Tsiolkovski in 1895, technified later by Yuri Artsutanov, popularized by Arthur C. Clarke (Fountains of Paradise) and started building prototypes by High Lift Systems with contributions of $ 570,000 from NASA, the space elevator slowly begins to become reality. The lift: a long vertical cable (50 to 100 000 km), located at one end with the Earth's surface and the other anchored to 35 000 km altitude (stationary Earth orbit: GEO), a satellite or asteroid (counterweight), in order to counter the gravitational forces of lower sections. The cable would be put into orbit by a conventional space rocket, and then dropped into Earth gradually. To escape the force of the winds, the elevator would prefer equatorial locations (devoid of hurricanes and tornadoes), appropriately aligned with geostationary orbits. As the load ascend, the centrifugal forces acting on the cable would turn it to his previous vertical orientation (like a pendulum).
One of the main problems (cable’s resistance) is in process of solution, using carbon nanotubes (equivalent to graphene sheets, rolled in a tube), capable of withstanding forces of tension between 65 to 120 GPa. Nanotubes would have 5 cm wide and 1 mm thick. 4 to 6 cables could coexist, simultaneously. Electromagnetic vehicles (caterpillar tractors), powered by solar energy, laser or nanotube superconductivity, rise and fall hundreds of km/h, carrying astronauts, tourists, commercial cargo, satellites, etc., at prices lower than those offered by current ferries ($ 15,000/kg). The initial cost of the elevator would be in the order of $ 1000/kg.
ELEVADOR ESPACIAL : Ya VIENE
One of the main problems (cable’s resistance) is in process of solution, using carbon nanotubes (equivalent to graphene sheets, rolled in a tube), capable of withstanding forces of tension between 65 to 120 GPa. Nanotubes would have 5 cm wide and 1 mm thick. 4 to 6 cables could coexist, simultaneously. Electromagnetic vehicles (caterpillar tractors), powered by solar energy, laser or nanotube superconductivity, rise and fall hundreds of km/h, carrying astronauts, tourists, commercial cargo, satellites, etc., at prices lower than those offered by current ferries ($ 15,000/kg). The initial cost of the elevator would be in the order of $ 1000/kg.
ELEVADOR ESPACIAL : Ya VIENE
Concebido por Konstantín E. Tsiolkovski en 1895, técnificado por Yuri Artsutanov, popularizado por Arthur C. Clarke (Fountains of Paradise) y empezado a construir (prototipos), por High Lift Systems con aportes de $570,000 de la NASA, el elevador espacial empieza poco a poco a convertirse en realidad. El elevador : un largo cable vertical (50 a 100 000 km), con un extremo ubicado en la superficie de la Tierra y el otro anclado a 35 000 km de altura (órbita terrestre estacionaria : GEO), a un satélite o asteroide (contrapeso), a objeto de contrarrestar las fuerzas gravitacionales de las secciones inferiores. El cable seria puesto en órbita por un cohete espacial convencional, para después ser dejado caer en Tierra, gradualmente. Para eludir la fuerza de los vientos, el elevador preferenciaría localizaciones ecuatoriales (desprovistas de huracanes y tornados), apropiadamente alineada con órbitas geostacionarias. A medida que la carga asciende, las fuerzas centrifugas actuando sobre el cable harían que este recupere su orientación vertical (a modo de péndulo).
Uno de los principales problemas (resistencia del cable), está en vías de solucción, empleandonanotubos de carbono (equivalentes a hojas de grafeno plano, enrollados en forma de tubo), capaces de resistir fuerzas de tensión de entre 65 a 120 GPa. Los nanotubos tendrían 5 cm de ancho y 1 mm de grosor. Podrían coexistir 4 a 6 cables, simultáneamente. Vehículos electromagnéticos (tractores de oruga), impulsados por energía solar, láser o superconductividad de nanotubos, subirían y bajarían a cientos de km/h, transportando astronautas, turistas, cargas comerciales, satélites, etc, a precios menores que los ofertados por transbordadores actuales (15.000 dólares/kilo). Los costos iniciales del elevador estarían en el orden de 1000 dólares/kg.
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