Africa mía, como me dueles...
"...Y, cuando nos veremos con los demás, al borde de una
mañana eterna, desayunados todos..."Extracto de "La cena miserable". Poema del vate
peruano: César Vallejo.
En Níger (estado, asentado en el área nor-centro-occidental de Africa y en parte del desierto del Sahara), está por ocurrir la muerte o, enfermedad permanente de por lo menos 150 000 niños -al margen de la afectación de otras 3 millones personas-, a causa de hambrunas persistentes. La noticia chocante, indignante (porque las hambrunas son prevenibles), golpea nuestras fibras más íntimas, avasallándonos con complejos de culpa, comminándonos a revisar nuestros conceptos de moral y ética universal y a poner en tela de juicio los valores y bondades de la civilización occidental, que estamos construyendo.Como es posible que lo mejor que tiene la humanidad -su futuro-: cientos de miles de niños, en ciertas partes del mundo, estén a punto de perecer, mientras sus pares de éstas y otras latitudes, desayunan y cenan cómodamente, todos los dias?. Ay, Africa, Centroamérica, El Caribe, Asia, etc, como nos duelen.
Las causas de la hambruna en Níger (y, por extensión en: Zimbawue, Angola, Lesotho, Zuazilandia, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Mali, etc.), tienen los siguientes condicionantes :1- escaséz de lluvias (sequía, en Setiembre del 2004). Anteriormente otra sequía (1968-1973), casi devastó al país. 2-a consecuencia de ello, se obtuvieron pobrísimas cosechas, en el 2004. 3-a lo anterior, hay que agregar las persistentes plagas de langostas, compitiendo por el escaso alimento, rampantes desde Enero del 2005. En ciertas áreas, algunas personas, están comiendo estos dias, cualquier clase de hojas de árboles que encuentren 4-la falta de previsión de los administradores estatales de Níger, para almacenar reservas de carnes, granos y aceites 5- la vigencia de la esclavitud humana en Níger, no obstante que el año 2003, se prohibió legalmente esta práctica. En Niger (13 000 000 de habitantes), existen 1 000 000 de esclavos. 6- Medicina preventiva : nula. En Níger, existe un incontable numero de niños y adultos enfermos con VIH-SIDA. 7-La inestabilidad politica de Níger, plagada de guerras tribales y golpes de estado. Niger se independizó de Francia en 1960 y, en 1999, aprobó una Constitución que refrendó la democracia y elecciones libres. Las riquezas de Niger, son obviamente las naturales : explotación de sus minas de oro y uranio, petróleo y una ganaderia y agricultura incipiente, siempre amenazada por sequias.
El desesperante cuadro anterior, llegó a commover de algún modo a los 8 países más poderosos del mundo, quienes decidieron este año, condonarle su deuda externa. Ayudó a lo anterior la serie de conciertos que un grupo de artistas pop (Live 8), realizaron en diversos escenarios mundiales, tendientes a recaudar fondos y movilizar corrientes de ayuda, hacia Africa. Uno se pregunta si será cierto que Níger, tenga signado su futuro por la fatalidad, sobre todo ahora que los países más desarrollados del planeta, se preparan para poblar planetas, más inhóspitos que el Sahara africano. Para nosotros, lo que sucede en Africa y el resto del mundo (800 millones de desnutridos, 55 millones de ellos en América Latina), es una mezcla de desaprensión, falta de conciencia social y estrechéz de miras en lo que respecta a previsión. Veamos :
1- No existirá alguna ventaja en el desierto del Sahara. Los antiguos peruanos, escondían y preservaban el vital maiz en hoyos excavados en los arenales de Huarmey (Bonavia,1991), preservándolo para épocas de escaséz. No es acaso, que el calor, mata todo tipo de gérmenes, convirtiendo las arenas en preservantes eficaces?. No será que la arena pudiese ser solidificada a efectos de construir terrazas cultivables (pisos escalonados), o edificar montículos con áreas internas cóncavas, en las que pueda crecer vegetación, al modo como se desarrollan en las lomas de desérticos paisajes peruanos?.
2-No será que el agua del subsuelo pudiese ser conservada mediante canalizaciones extensas, como lo hacian los peruanos antiguos (3 000 años), radicados en las pampas de Nazca?. No servirán a este efecto, ramificaciones -a construir- del extenso río Niger, que cruza el pais, en todo su ancho?.
3-No será posible crear extensos macro-medio-ambientes artificiales,aislados, cerrados, autosuficientes? (ver articulo :Terraquizando Marte,Titán,etc:Junio/02/05), en las áreas más desérticas?
4-Porque no se crean reservorios de alimentos, para las épocas de "vacas flacas"?. Si la mayor parte de Niger es desértica, porque entre el rio Niger y el mar (la área más óptima), no se construye un área tecnológicamente avanzada en agricultura, para que aprovisione permanentemente al resto del pais?.
5-porque en el área colindante con el mar (de Niger), no se desarrolla una industria pesquera de avanzada, con fines alimenticios?. Los peces deshidratados o preservados en sal (como lo hacian los antiguos peruanos), podrian ser facilmente trasladados a las áreas mas sensibles. De otro lado, los incas acostumbraban deshidratar la carne de camélidos ("charqui") y preservarla por meses.
6-Porque no se tecnifca la agricultura y se expanden los campos, mediante riego por aspersión?.
7-Porque no recurrir a alimentos acondicionados genéticamente. No es acaso que un 30 % de estos productos son comsumidos yá, por comensales americanos?.
14 organizaciones internacionales (algunas de ellas de la FAO), estan brindando ayuda alimenticia. Bienvenido el gesto. No obstante, este gesto es basicamente asistencialista. Lo que Africa necesita no es tanto darle el pescado, sino enseñarle a pescar. Europa que ha colectado extensos recursos naturales procedentes de Africa en los ultimos 200 años esta en deuda con ella. Es su deber contribuir a darle apoyo tecnológico, al mas alto nivel, efectivizando algunas de las ideas señaladas anteriormente. Luego de ello, los regentes de Niger deben invertir en Educación (el 80 % de la población es analfabeta), Salud y Vivienda.
Leer:1-Gonzales Vigil Ricardo.1988.Leamos juntos a Vallejo.Banco Central de Reserva,Lima.2-Bonavia, Duccio.1991.Perú, Hombre e Historia.Tomo -I-.De los origenes al siglo XVI. 3 Tomos. Edubanco, Lima. 3-BBC online (Informes diversos,Julio,2005).
Africa mine, as you hurt me...
"... and, when we see the others, on the brink of madness one tomorrow eternal, had breakfast all... "
Extract of "The miserable supper". Poem of Peruvian poet: Cesar Vallejo.
In Niger (been, based in north-central-western area of Africa and partly in the desert of the Sahara), is about to to happen the death or, permanent disability of at least 150 000 children - to the margin of the affectation of other 3 million people -, because of persistent famine. Chocking, very bad the news (because famine is preventable), strikes our more intimate fibers, dominating to us with guilty complexes, urging us to review our concepts of moral and universal ethics and to put in judgment the values and kindness of the western civilization, that we are building. How it is possible that the best thing than has the humanity -its future-: hundreds of thousands of children, in certain parts of the world, are on the verge of perishing, while their pairs of these and other latitudes, have breakfast and supper comfortably, all the days. Ay, Africa, Central America, the Caribbean, Asia, etc, as they hurt to us.
The causes of famine in Niger (and, by extension in: Zimbawue, Angola, Lesotho, Zuazilandia, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Mali, etc.), have the following causes:1- shortly of rains (drought, in September of the 2004). Previously another drought (1968-1973), almost devastated to the country. 2- as a result of it, harvests were very poor in 2004. 3- to the previous thing, it is necessary to add the persistent plagues of lobsters, competing by the little food, rampant from January of the 2005. In certain areas, some people, are eating these days, any class of leaves that find 4-the lack of forecast of the state administrators of Niger, to store reserves of meats, grains and oils 5- the use of human slavery in Niger, even though year 2003, this practice was prohibited legally. In Niger (13 000 000 of inhabitants), exist 1 000 000 of slaves. 6- Preventive medicine: null. In Niger, exists countless of children and ill adults with VIH-SIDA. 7- The instability politic of Niger, plagued of tribal wars and coup d'etats. Niger became independent from France in 1960 and, in 1999, approved a Constitution that authenticated the free democracy and elections. The wealth of Niger, are obvious the natural ones: operation of its uranium and gold mines, petroleum and one cattlestock and incipient agriculture, always threatened by droughts.
The exasperating previous picture, permitted in some way, that the 8 more powerful countries of the world, decided this year, to cut its external debt to him. It helped previous the series of concerts that a pop group of artists (Live 8), made in diverse world-wide, to collect bottoms and to mobilize aid currents, towards Africa. One is asked if it will be certain that Niger, has signed his future by the fatality, mainly now that the developed countries, are prepared to populate planets, more inhospitable than the African Sahara. For us, which happens in Africa and the rest of the world (800 million of undernourished, 55 million of them in Latin America), it is a mixture of desaprensión, lack of social conscience and short of sights with regard to forecast. Let us see:
1- It is possible that we find some advantage in the desert of the Sahara?. The old Peruvians, hid and preserved the vital corn in holes excavated in sandy grounds of Huarmey (Bonavia, 1991), preserving it for times of shortness of food. It is not perhaps, that the heat, kills all type of germs, turning the sands effective preservant.of food?. Will not be that the sand could be solidified with the goal of construct agricultural stepped floors, or building knolls with concave internal areas, in which can grow vegetation, to the way as they are developed in hills of desert Peruvian landscapes.
2- It will not be that the water of the subsoil could be conserved by means of extensive canalizations, as the old Peruvian (3 000 years), made in the Pampas of Nazca?. Will not serve to this end, ramifications - to build of the extensive Niger river, that crosses the country?..
3- It will not be possible to create extensive artificial, isolated macro-enviromment -atmospheres, closed, self-sufficient? (See my article: Terraquizando Mars, Titan, etc:Junio/02/05), in the most desertic areas?
4- Why not create reservoirs of foods, for the times of "skinny cows". If most of Niger is desert, why not build between rio Niger and the sea (the most optimal area), a very sophisticated area dedicated to agricultural activities, that supplies permanently to the rest of the country?.
5-Why not build in the adjacent area with the sea (of Niger), a fishing industry, with nutritional aims. The fish dehydrated or preserved in salt (as the Peruvians hacian old), can easily be transferred to the sensible areas. Of another side, the Incas were used to dehydrating the meat of camelidaes ("charqui") and preserving it per months.
6- Why not employ irrigation by aspersion.
7- Why not eat foods equipped genetically. It is not perhaps that 30 % of these products are eating already, by American citizens?.
14 international organizations (some of them of the FAO), are offering nutritional aid. Welcome the gesture. However, this gesture is basically asistencialist. What Africa needs is not as much to give the fish him, but to teach to him to fish. Europe that has collected extensive natural resources coming from Africa in the last 200 years and is in debt with her. He must to contribute to support technological to him, at a high level, putting into practice some of the ideas indicated previously. After it, the state governors of Niger must invest in Education (80 % of the population are illiterate), Health and House.
Leer:1-Gonzales Vigil Ricardo1988.Leamos together to Central Vallejo.Banco of Reserve, Lima.2-Bonavia, Duccio1991.Peru', Hombre and Historia.Tomo - I-.De origenes to century XVI. 3 Volumes. Edubanco, Files. 3-BBC online (diverse Information, Julio, 2005).
"... and, when we see the others, on the brink of madness one tomorrow eternal, had breakfast all... "
Extract of "The miserable supper". Poem of Peruvian poet: Cesar Vallejo.
In Niger (been, based in north-central-western area of Africa and partly in the desert of the Sahara), is about to to happen the death or, permanent disability of at least 150 000 children - to the margin of the affectation of other 3 million people -, because of persistent famine. Chocking, very bad the news (because famine is preventable), strikes our more intimate fibers, dominating to us with guilty complexes, urging us to review our concepts of moral and universal ethics and to put in judgment the values and kindness of the western civilization, that we are building. How it is possible that the best thing than has the humanity -its future-: hundreds of thousands of children, in certain parts of the world, are on the verge of perishing, while their pairs of these and other latitudes, have breakfast and supper comfortably, all the days. Ay, Africa, Central America, the Caribbean, Asia, etc, as they hurt to us.
The causes of famine in Niger (and, by extension in: Zimbawue, Angola, Lesotho, Zuazilandia, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Mali, etc.), have the following causes:1- shortly of rains (drought, in September of the 2004). Previously another drought (1968-1973), almost devastated to the country. 2- as a result of it, harvests were very poor in 2004. 3- to the previous thing, it is necessary to add the persistent plagues of lobsters, competing by the little food, rampant from January of the 2005. In certain areas, some people, are eating these days, any class of leaves that find 4-the lack of forecast of the state administrators of Niger, to store reserves of meats, grains and oils 5- the use of human slavery in Niger, even though year 2003, this practice was prohibited legally. In Niger (13 000 000 of inhabitants), exist 1 000 000 of slaves. 6- Preventive medicine: null. In Niger, exists countless of children and ill adults with VIH-SIDA. 7- The instability politic of Niger, plagued of tribal wars and coup d'etats. Niger became independent from France in 1960 and, in 1999, approved a Constitution that authenticated the free democracy and elections. The wealth of Niger, are obvious the natural ones: operation of its uranium and gold mines, petroleum and one cattlestock and incipient agriculture, always threatened by droughts.
The exasperating previous picture, permitted in some way, that the 8 more powerful countries of the world, decided this year, to cut its external debt to him. It helped previous the series of concerts that a pop group of artists (Live 8), made in diverse world-wide, to collect bottoms and to mobilize aid currents, towards Africa. One is asked if it will be certain that Niger, has signed his future by the fatality, mainly now that the developed countries, are prepared to populate planets, more inhospitable than the African Sahara. For us, which happens in Africa and the rest of the world (800 million of undernourished, 55 million of them in Latin America), it is a mixture of desaprensión, lack of social conscience and short of sights with regard to forecast. Let us see:
1- It is possible that we find some advantage in the desert of the Sahara?. The old Peruvians, hid and preserved the vital corn in holes excavated in sandy grounds of Huarmey (Bonavia, 1991), preserving it for times of shortness of food. It is not perhaps, that the heat, kills all type of germs, turning the sands effective preservant.of food?. Will not be that the sand could be solidified with the goal of construct agricultural stepped floors, or building knolls with concave internal areas, in which can grow vegetation, to the way as they are developed in hills of desert Peruvian landscapes.
2- It will not be that the water of the subsoil could be conserved by means of extensive canalizations, as the old Peruvian (3 000 years), made in the Pampas of Nazca?. Will not serve to this end, ramifications - to build of the extensive Niger river, that crosses the country?..
3- It will not be possible to create extensive artificial, isolated macro-enviromment -atmospheres, closed, self-sufficient? (See my article: Terraquizando Mars, Titan, etc:Junio/02/05), in the most desertic areas?
4- Why not create reservoirs of foods, for the times of "skinny cows". If most of Niger is desert, why not build between rio Niger and the sea (the most optimal area), a very sophisticated area dedicated to agricultural activities, that supplies permanently to the rest of the country?.
5-Why not build in the adjacent area with the sea (of Niger), a fishing industry, with nutritional aims. The fish dehydrated or preserved in salt (as the Peruvians hacian old), can easily be transferred to the sensible areas. Of another side, the Incas were used to dehydrating the meat of camelidaes ("charqui") and preserving it per months.
6- Why not employ irrigation by aspersion.
7- Why not eat foods equipped genetically. It is not perhaps that 30 % of these products are eating already, by American citizens?.
14 international organizations (some of them of the FAO), are offering nutritional aid. Welcome the gesture. However, this gesture is basically asistencialist. What Africa needs is not as much to give the fish him, but to teach to him to fish. Europe that has collected extensive natural resources coming from Africa in the last 200 years and is in debt with her. He must to contribute to support technological to him, at a high level, putting into practice some of the ideas indicated previously. After it, the state governors of Niger must invest in Education (80 % of the population are illiterate), Health and House.
Leer:1-Gonzales Vigil Ricardo1988.Leamos together to Central Vallejo.Banco of Reserve, Lima.2-Bonavia, Duccio1991.Peru', Hombre and Historia.Tomo - I-.De origenes to century XVI. 3 Volumes. Edubanco, Files. 3-BBC online (diverse Information, Julio, 2005).
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