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Tuesday, September 09, 2008

HOW MEMORY FUNCTION.



In an amazing experiment, americans and Israelis researchers prompted to see short films (5-10 seconds in length) to 13 severe epileptic, while small electrodes recorded discharges of at least 100 of their brain neurons, located in the hippocampus. When shortly after they were urged to remember the movies, were activated again the same neurons that fired during the watched film (including 2 seconds before, that epileptics were aware of this).

Researchers believe they have registered part of the operation of short-term, episodic and associative memory. The important thing is that memory is not aimed at registering specific symbols, but have wide margins of freedom, registering only of the most important parts of remembrance. Itzhak Fried, add that neurons in the hippocampus, not act alone,they are part of a circuit of million of neurons. Through studies on mice, it is known that in the hippocampus is located the spatial memory, able to predict where will move an animal even if he has made a wrong move. By inference, it is thought that humans adapted these neural cells of the hippocampus to registry sounds, smells, chronology, association of experiences and to consolidate, reshape and enhance memory whenever it was requested. The work will help to understand diseases such as Alzheimer's and others when is quickly lost the ability to recall past experiences and why some recalls emerge from nowhere.

FUNCIONAMIENTO de la MEMORIA

En un experimento crucial, investigadores americanos e israelíes instaron a 13 epilépticos severos a ver películas cortas de entre 5-10 segundos de duración, al mismo tiempo que pequeños electrodos registraban las descargas de por lo menos 100 de sus neuronas cerebrales, ubicadas en el hipocampo cerebral. Cuando poco después se les instaba a recordar las películas que acababan de ver, se activaban (descargaban actividad eléctrica), las mismas neuronas que registraron la película (incluso 2 segundos antes, que los epilépticos fueran conscientes de ello).

Los investigadores creen haber registrado con ello, parte del funcionamiento de la memoria de corto plazo, la episódica y la asociativa. Lo importante es que la memoria no esta orientada al registro de simbolos especificos, sino que dispone de amplios margenes de libertad, existiendo catálogos de solo las partes mas importantes del recuerdo. Itzhak Fried, agrega que las neuronas del hipocampo, no actúan solas, son parte de un circuito de millones. Merced a estudios en ratones, se sabe que en el hipocampo se ubica la memoria espacial, capaz de predecir hacia donde se moverá un animal aun cuando haya realizado un movimiento equivocado. Por inferencia, se piensa que los humanos adaptaron estas células del hipocampo al registro de sonidos, olores, cronología, asociación de experiencias y a consolidar y retocar la memoria cada vez que era requerida. El trabajo ayudara a comprender enfermedades como el Alzheimer y otras en las que rapidamente se pierde la habilidad para recordar experiencias pasadas y porque algunas memorias salen de la nada.

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