POSSIBLE CURE OF DIABETES TYPE-2.

Left,picture: This image shows new beta cells that arise in adult mouse pancreas in vivo after viral delivery of a cocktail of three transcription factors, Ngn3, Pdx1, and Mafa. Viral infected cells are recognized by their expression of nuclear green fluorescent protein (GFP). Induced beta cells are revealed by insulin staining (red). Blue DAPI staining labels all cell nuclei. An endogenous islet is outlined with a white dotted line.

It is well-known that an incentive to research of quality, are economic ; being the Laboratories Bell (USA), a formidable model, in this aspect. However also exist, other stimuli. The biologist Douglas A. Melton (Howard Hughes Medical Institute - HHMI/Harvard University), studied the development of frogs, when 2 of their children were diagnosed of Diabetes type-1, an illness that requires daily injections of insulin to survive. It motivate to Melton who since then was devoted to study how embryonic stem cells, created the pancreas and beta cells, producers of insulin, destroyed in patients with diabetes type-1.

With the help of the Fellow Qiao Zhou (U. of Harvard), Melton and his team converted pancreatic exocrine cells of mice (95% of cells of the whole pancreas, in charge of producing digestive enzymes, possessors of silenced genes to produce insulin), in beta cells beta (relatively scarce), producers of insulin destroyed by diabetes. They identified 3 active transcription factors (Ngn3, Pdx1 and Mafa, in charge of endowing properties to each corporal cellular type), of a total of 1100. Of them, alone 3 of 9 were necessary to convert 20% of exocrine cells in beta cells beta. The 3 genes were transported by virus to exocrine pancreatic cells. Although exocrine cells were not organized (like it is usual), in islands, they secreted insulin during 9 months. The expression of transcription factors disappeared in 2 months. The work gives us cause to foresee that in less than 5 years, diabetics type-2, will have a definitive cure.

Posible cura de la diabetes tipo-2

Es conocido que un aliciente a la investigación de calidad, lo constituyen los incentivos económicos, siendo los Laboratorios Bell (USA), un formidable modelo, en este aspecto. Existen también, otros estimulos. El biólogo Douglas A. Melton (Howard Hughes Medical Institute -HHMI/Harvard University), estudiaba el desarrollo de las ranas, cuando 2 de sus hijos fueron diagnosticados de Diabetes tipo-1, una enfermedad que requiere inyecciones diarias de insulina para sobrevivir. Ello motivo que Melton se dedicara a estudiar como las células madre embrionarias creaban al pancreas y a las celulas beta productoras de insulina, destruidas en pacientes con diabetes tipo-1.

Con la ayuda del Fellow Qiao Zhou (U. de Harvard), Melton y su equipo convirtieron células exocrinas pancreáticas de ratones (95% de células de todo el páncreas, encargadas de producir enzimas digestivas, poseedoras de genes silenciados para producir insulina), en celulas beta (relativamente escasas), productoras de insulina destruidas por la diabetes. Identificaron 3 factores activos de transcripcion (Ngn3, Pdx1 y Mafa, encargados de dotar de propiedades a cada tipo celular corporal), de un total de 1100. De ellos, solo 3 de 9 fueron necesarios para convertitr al 20% de celulas exocrinas en celulas beta. Los 3 genes fueron transportados por virus a las celulas pancreaticas exocrinas. Aunque las células exocrinas no se organizaron (como es usual), en islotes, secretaron insulina durante 9 meses. La expresión de los factores de transcripcion desparecieron en 2 meses. El trabajo nos da pie para preveer que en menos de 5 años, los diabéticos de tipo 2, tendran una cura definitiva.