RIGHT and LEFT BRAIN
Abstract from Scientific American
Peter F. MacNeilage, Lesley J. Rogers and Giorgio Vallortigara, sustains that specialization of each human brain hemisphere took place in its basic forms (left: self-directed behaviors/right: behaviors induced by enviromental stimuli), 500 million years ago with the emergency of first vertebrates. From that time the left hemisphere was taking charge of speech, right handedness, interrelation of space objects, ability to classify things, established routine behaviors practiced in ordinary and family circumstances. Right handedness would be an inheritance of early primates, developed by the necessity to coordinate both hands or to catch foods. Today, many animals feed their children for their right side, as whales, for example. Homínids would have perfected 2.5 million years ago, right handedness, when using tools. According to the authors, this dexterity would add signs to the speech, grace to a repertoire of manual actions. Perhaps such left hemisphere capacity extended, controlling the vocal apparatus of the speech.
According to the researchers, the speech would have emerged starting from vocal and non vocal routine communications, with hemispheric specializations appearing first in animals before in us. MacNeilage, sustains that speech required syllabic specialization, a by-product of to rise and to lower the jaw, in actions as chewing, sucking and to kiss. First, the syllables would symbolize individual concepts, then they would form words and finally the language by means of word-object combination (names) and word-actions (verbs). For their side, the right hemisphere organizes objects spatially and recognizes faces before unexpected external stimuli (presence of predators). In general, monitor social behaviors that can require an immediate reaction. Prosopagnosia, results from right hemisphere damage. Why to endow separated functions to each cerebral hemisphere?. Because in that way they carry out a more efficient work, processing both classes of information at the same time. If alone right or left brains existed, our behaviors would be quite predictable, a great disadvantage by the way.
Peter F. MacNeilage, Lesley J. Rogers and Giorgio Vallortigara, sustains that specialization of each human brain hemisphere took place in its basic forms (left: self-directed behaviors/right: behaviors induced by enviromental stimuli), 500 million years ago with the emergency of first vertebrates. From that time the left hemisphere was taking charge of speech, right handedness, interrelation of space objects, ability to classify things, established routine behaviors practiced in ordinary and family circumstances. Right handedness would be an inheritance of early primates, developed by the necessity to coordinate both hands or to catch foods. Today, many animals feed their children for their right side, as whales, for example. Homínids would have perfected 2.5 million years ago, right handedness, when using tools. According to the authors, this dexterity would add signs to the speech, grace to a repertoire of manual actions. Perhaps such left hemisphere capacity extended, controlling the vocal apparatus of the speech.
According to the researchers, the speech would have emerged starting from vocal and non vocal routine communications, with hemispheric specializations appearing first in animals before in us. MacNeilage, sustains that speech required syllabic specialization, a by-product of to rise and to lower the jaw, in actions as chewing, sucking and to kiss. First, the syllables would symbolize individual concepts, then they would form words and finally the language by means of word-object combination (names) and word-actions (verbs). For their side, the right hemisphere organizes objects spatially and recognizes faces before unexpected external stimuli (presence of predators). In general, monitor social behaviors that can require an immediate reaction. Prosopagnosia, results from right hemisphere damage. Why to endow separated functions to each cerebral hemisphere?. Because in that way they carry out a more efficient work, processing both classes of information at the same time. If alone right or left brains existed, our behaviors would be quite predictable, a great disadvantage by the way.
CEREBRO DERECHO e IZQUIERDO
Peter F. MacNeilage, Lesley J. Rogers y Giorgio Vallortigara, sostienen que la especialización de cada hemisferio cerebral humano tuvo lugar en sus formas básicas (izquierdo: conductas autodirigidas/derecho : conductas inducidas por estimulos externos), hace 500 millones de años, con la emergencia de los primeros vertebrados. Desde esa época el hemisferio izquierdo se fué haciendo cargo del lenguaje, la destreza de la mano derecha, la interrelación de objetos espaciales, habilidad para clasificar cosas, conductas rutinarias bien establecidas, practicadas en circunstancias ordinarias y familiares. La destreza de la mano derecha seria herencia de primates tempranos, desarrollada por la necesidad de coordinar ambas manos o coger alimentos. Hoy, muchos animales alimentan a sus hijos por el lado derecho, como las ballenas, por ejemplo. Los homínidos habrían perfeccionado hace 2.5 millones de años, la destreza de la mano derecha, al emplear herramientas. Según los autores, esta destreza añadiría signos al lenguaje, merced a un repertorio de acciones manuales. Tal véz la capacidad del hemisferio izquierdo se expandió, controlando el aparato vocal del habla.
Según los autores, el lenguaje habría emergido a partir de comunicaciones rutinarias vocales y no vocales, con especializaciones hemisféricas aparecidas primero en animales antes que en nosotros. MacNeilage, sostiene que el habla requirió especialización silábica, un subproducto de elevar y bajar la mandibula, en acciones como masticar, succionar y besar. Las silabas simbolizarían primero conceptos individuales, luego formarían palabras y finalmente el lenguaje mediante combinación de palabras-objeto (nombres) y palabras-acciones (verbos). Por su lado, el hemisferio derecho organiza objetos espacialmente y reconoce caras ante estimulos externos inesperados (presencia de predadores). En general, monitorea conductas sociales que pueden requerir una reacción inmediata. La prosopagnosia, es resultado de daño al hemisferio derecho. ¿Porque dotar de funciones separadas a cada hemisferio cerebral?. Porque de esa forma realizan un trabajo más eficiente, procesando ambas clases de información al mismo tiempo. Si solo existieran cerebros derechos o izquierdos, nuestras conductas serian bastante predecibles, una gran desventaja por cierto.
Labels: Brain hemispheres
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