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Saturday, December 05, 2009

SUN ENERGY




Most futurologists agrees that around 2020 the humanity will make use of abundant and cheap energy: solar light heating deserts that will be transformed into electricity with the help of big mirrors. Although one waits it will be cheap, at the moment the technology is expensive and not competitive because their efficiency hardly skirts 20%. Engineers of Industrial Desertec Initiative (DII), sustain that mirrors placed in hardly 90,000 km2 of the desert of the Sahara, will be able to provide energy to the whole world. The Sahara has 9 million km2. At the moment parabolic collectors, unique mirrors able to concentrate solar light and to reach 400 grades Celsius, are the favorite ones. Solar light directed against stored water placed in the high of gigantic towers generates water vapor that moves turbines. During the day, motorized mirrors follow sun’s movements. The Fresnel are multiple small size mirrors that placed in the high of towers reach 1100 grades Celsius. They are cheap and move turbines without using petroleum neither water as driver of heat. Solar disks are big concave mirrors that focus sunbeams in their central area.

Photovoltaic solar energy not alone produces heat, it also stores it in efficient form. At night the turbines continue working for 7,5 hs. If there are storms the mirrors are put in rest. The elimination of dust and sand of mirrors, are carried out by robots in automatic form. At the moment 1 KW/h, generated by solar energy costs 20 cents, as long as the price of 1 conventional KW/h hardly costs 6 cents. Nikolaus Benz, sustains that around 2020, 1 KW/h generated by solar energy will cost less than 10 cents. Werner Platzer, manager of Fraunhofer sustains that high prices of solar power plants is due to the nonexistence of massive production of parabolic collector devices of solar light, that is necessary to improve the technology vaporizing the water directly without necessity of oil, building solar plants in sunny areas of Europe and transporting by earth with cables the energy at big distances with high-voltage AD transmission (HVDC) or, using underwater pipes, like the existent ones between Norway and Netherland of 11 cm of thickness. At the moment, exist big projects of solar energy in Spain, Jordan, Mauritania, Algeria, Morocco, Abu Dhabi, Egypt, South Africa, China and India. Matthias Ruchser, says that some projects are stopped in some northafrican countries because of political uncertainty and terrorism.
ENERGIA SOLAR

La mayoría de futurólogos concuerda que el 2020 la humanidad hará uso de energía abundante y barata: luz solar calentando desiertos, que con la ayuda de grandes espejos sera convertida en electricidad. Aunque se espera sea barata, de momento es una tecnología cara y no competitiva ya que su eficiencia apenas bordea el 20%. Ingenieros de Desertec Industrial Initiative (DII), sostienen que espejos colocados en apenas 90,000 km2 del desierto del Sahara, proporcionaran energía al mundo entero. El Sahara dispone de 9 millones de km2. De momento colectores parabólicos, espejos únicos capaces de concentrar luz solar y alcanzar 400 grados Celsius, son los preferidos. La luz solar dirigida contra agua almacenada en lo alto de gigantescas torres genera vapor de agua que mueve turbinas. Durante el dia, espejos motorizados siguen los movimientos del sol. Los Fresnel son multiples espejos de tamaño mas pequeño, que colocados en lo alto de torres alcanzan 1100 grados Celsius. Son baratos y mueven turbinas sin emplear petroleo ni agua como conductor de calor. Los discos solares son grandes espejos concavos que focalizan rayos del sol en su area central.
La energia solar fotovoltaica no solo produce calor, también la almacena en forma eficiente. De noche las turbinas continúan trabajando por 7,5 hs. Si hay tormentas los espejos son puestos en reposo. La eliminacion de polvo y arena de los espejos, la realizan robots en forma automatica. De momento 1 KW/h, generado por energía solar cuesta 20 centimos, en tanto el precio de 1 KW/h convencional apenas cuesta 6 centimos. Nikolaus Benz, sostiene que alrededor del año 2020, 1 KW/h generado por energia solar costara menos de 10 centimos.

Werner Platzer, manager de Fraunhofer sostiene que el precio elevado de las plantas solares se debe a la inexistencia de produccion masiva de parabólicas colectoras de luz solar, que es necesario mejorar la tecnología vaporizando el agua directamente sin necesidad de petróleo, construyendo plantas solares en areas soleadas de Europa y transportando por tierra mediante cables la energia a grandes distancias con high-voltage DC transmission (HVDC) o, utilizando conductos subacuáticas como los existentes entre Noruega y los Paises Bajos, de 11 cm de espesor. Existen actualmente grandes proyectos de energia solar en España, Jordania, Mauritania, Algeria, Marruecos, Abu Dhabi, Egipto, Sud Africa, China e India. Matthias Ruchser aduce que algunos proyectos son frenados en algunos paises norafricanos a causa de inestabilidad politica y el terrorismo.

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