DESIGNER BABIES
Eugenics has a long tradition. The Greeks made natural selection, through sport games. According to Garcilaso de la Vega, the Peruvian Incas isolated disabled in towns near Cusco. Later came attempts by Hitler to establish an Aryan race without flaws. Also attempts of Jean Piaget to understand psychoneuronal bases of learning to improve the performances of children and adolescents and the tomographic brain functional studies, corroborating many of his assumptions. For several years, higher education is provided in prestigious universities to chosen students to lead the world in the future. To previous should be added biotechnological advances starting with the pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), developed in fertility clinics to detect genetic diseases. The technique removes one cell from an embryonic cluster of 8 cells, analyzing the DNA, establishing whether or not genetic alterations exist.
With this technique, Jeffrey Steinberg (Fertility Institute/Manhattan-LA), determines the sex with 100% certainty. Steinberg argues that his 6 months in selected clinical eye color (80%), hair, freckles and so on. While no laws exist to use the genetic information available, some doctors will seek to create "designer babies", with physical improvements, educational and/or mentally. The idea of improving IQ or intelligence is supported by experiments conducted in 2001, culminating with the creation of the first genetically modified monkey constructed from a fertilized egg not to be inserted a fluorescent jellyfish gene, demonstrating the possibility of inserting genes at will. China is not left behind. The company will try to Shanghai Biochip Corporation this summer analyze DNA from 30 children of 3-12 years, for 5 days while they play. In the saliva samples were analyzed 11 genes, the outcome with athletic ability, memory, art, IQ, emotional control, weight, height, etc. .
Activity that has triggered criticism from bioethicists who accepted procedures to treat disease, but not for aesthetic reasons. Arthur Caplan, Director of the Center for Bioethics/U. of Pennsylvania, has 3 arguments: 1) If there is no disease, which is the best physical feature to select? It is better to have freckles or not?. The answer is subjective conditioned by our culture. 2) It is a business. 3)What if we do not reach our expectations? According to Rob Blinn children need to play, share feelings with their family and parents. The selection of traits will be made by parents, not by babies. A tall child, not necessarily will be a NBA star. Children may not be subject to experiments. There will be bias against unimproved people. Some parents will see their children as things to choose from a catalog. What next: 35 cm penises, big breasts?.
BEBES A PEDIDO
With this technique, Jeffrey Steinberg (Fertility Institute/Manhattan-LA), determines the sex with 100% certainty. Steinberg argues that his 6 months in selected clinical eye color (80%), hair, freckles and so on. While no laws exist to use the genetic information available, some doctors will seek to create "designer babies", with physical improvements, educational and/or mentally. The idea of improving IQ or intelligence is supported by experiments conducted in 2001, culminating with the creation of the first genetically modified monkey constructed from a fertilized egg not to be inserted a fluorescent jellyfish gene, demonstrating the possibility of inserting genes at will. China is not left behind. The company will try to Shanghai Biochip Corporation this summer analyze DNA from 30 children of 3-12 years, for 5 days while they play. In the saliva samples were analyzed 11 genes, the outcome with athletic ability, memory, art, IQ, emotional control, weight, height, etc. .
Activity that has triggered criticism from bioethicists who accepted procedures to treat disease, but not for aesthetic reasons. Arthur Caplan, Director of the Center for Bioethics/U. of Pennsylvania, has 3 arguments: 1) If there is no disease, which is the best physical feature to select? It is better to have freckles or not?. The answer is subjective conditioned by our culture. 2) It is a business. 3)What if we do not reach our expectations? According to Rob Blinn children need to play, share feelings with their family and parents. The selection of traits will be made by parents, not by babies. A tall child, not necessarily will be a NBA star. Children may not be subject to experiments. There will be bias against unimproved people. Some parents will see their children as things to choose from a catalog. What next: 35 cm penises, big breasts?.
BEBES A PEDIDO
La eugenesia goza de una larga tradición. Los griegos realizaban selección física, mediante juegos deportivos. Según Garcilaso de la Vega, los incas peruanos aislaban en ciudades cercanas al Cusco a todos los discapacitados. Más tarde vendrían los intentos de Hitler por establecer una raza aria sin defectos. También los intentos de Jean Piaget por comprender las bases psiconeuronales de la educación para mejorar las performances de niños y adolescentes y los estudios tomográficos cerebro-funcionales, corroboradores de muchas de sus hipótesis. Desde hace varios años se brinda educación de alto nivel en universidades de prestigio a estudiantes escogidos a fin de que lideren el mundo. A lo anterior deben sumarse los aportes biotecnológicos empezando por el pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), desarrollado en clínicas de fertilidad, a fin de detectar enfermedades genéticas. La técnica extirpa una célula de un conglomerado embrionario de 8 células humanas analizando su ADN, estableciendo si existe o no alteraciones genéticas.
Con esta técnica, Jeffrey Steinberg (Fertility Institute/Manhattan-LA), determina el sexo con un 100 % de certeza. Steinberg sostiene que en 6 meses su clínica seleccionará color de ojos (80%), de pelo, pecas, etc. En tanto no existen leyes para usar la información genética disponible, algunos médicos pretenden crear "designer babies”, con mejoramientos fisicos, educacionales y/o mentales. La idea de mejorar el IQ o la inteligencia es sostenida por experimentos realizados el 2001, que culminaron con la creación del primer mono genéticamente modificado construido a partir de un ovulo no fertilizado al que se le insertó un gene fluorescente de medusa, demostrándose la posibilidad de insertar genes a voluntad. China no se queda atrás. La compañía Shanghai Biochip Corporation intentará este verano analizar el ADN de 30 niños de 3-12 años, durante 5 días, mientras juegan. En las muestras de saliva se analizarán 11 genes, relacionándose los resultados con habilidad atlética, memoria, arte, IQ, control emocional, peso, talla,etc.
Actividad que ha desencadenado criticas de bioeticistas, que aceptan los procedimientos para tratar enfermedades, pero no por razones estéticas. Arthur Caplan, Director of the Center for Bioethics/U. of Pennsylvania, tiene 3 atingencias: 1) Si no hay enfermedades, cual es el mejor rasgo fisico a seleccionar? Es mejor tener pecas o no?.La respuesta subjetiva es condicionada por nuestra cultura. 2) Se trata de un negocio. 3) Y, si lo esperado no resulta? Según Rob Blinn los niños necesitan jugar. Intercambiar emociones con familiares y padres. La selección de los rasgos será hecha por los padres, no por los usuarios. Un niño puede ser alto y no ser estrella de la NBA. Los niños no pueden ser sujetos a experimentos. Existirán prejuicios de los favorecidos contra los no mejorados. Algunos padres verán a sus hijos como cosas a escoger de un catálogo. ¿Que vendrá después : penes de 35 cm, mamas grandes?.
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