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Monday, October 19, 2009

INSERTED NEW MEMORIES


The austrian biologist Gero Miesenböck graduated with highest honors in the same institute where worked Erwin Schrodinger developed today works that in the due time might give him the Nobel Prize in Physics or Medicine. Working at University of Oxford/UK he and his team manipulated neurons of brain’s fruitfly achieving aversion to certain smells (not experienced before), through associative learning mechanisms linking of perception to certain events: proximity of predator, for example).

The researchers injected abundant ATP into brain’s fruitflies modifying certain neuronal receptors, the same as under the effect of laser light flashes released ATP, which by releasing dopamine transmitted from cell to cell, conferred the fly, the memory of an experience that it never had. With the help of a microscope they found that formation of this new memory only needs 12 neurons (those responding to light). To determine whether the inserted memory succeeded the flies moved along a narrow chamber, stopping at the midpoint, to choose between 2 odors, located to the right and left. If the insects avoided the odor paired with laser flash, the experiment was a success. A work that would help improve our understanding of how memories are formed and in the near future perhaps to remove bad memories of certain psychiatric patients or to to manipulate soldiers.

NUEVAS MEMORIAS INSERTADAS

El biólogo austriaco Gero Miesenböck graduado con altos honores en el mismo instituto donde laboró Erwin Schrodinger desarrolla hoy trabajos que andando el tiempo podrían otorgarle el Premio Nóbel de Fisica o Medicina. Trabajando en la U de Oxford/UK el y su equipo han manipulado neuronas cerebrales de la mosca de la fruta logrando que estas almacenen memorias de aversión a ciertos olores (no experimentadas antes), mediante mecanismos de aprendizaje asociativo (ligazón de percepción, a evento particular : cercania de predador, por ejemplo).

Para ello inyectaron abundante ATP, al cerebro de las moscas modificando ciertos receptores neuronales, los mismos que bajo el efecto de flashes de luz laser liberaron ATP, que al liberar dopamina trasmitida de célula a célula, confirió a la mosca, la memoria de una experiencia que nunca tuvo. Con la ayuda de un microscopio se determinó que la formación de esta memoria solo necesitó 12 neuronas (las que respondían a la luz). Para saber si la memoria insertada por el laser tuvo éxito las moscas se movieron a lo largo de una estrecha cámara deteniéndose en el punto medio, para escoger de entre 2 olores, ubicados a derecha e izquierda. Si el insecto evitaba el olor apareado al flash de láser el experimento era un éxito. Un experimento que ayudara a mejorar nuestra comprensión acerca de cómo se forman las memorias y a eliminar malos recuerdos de ciertos pacientes psiquiátricos o manipular ejércitos.

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