Bad controlled diabetes and brain

BRAIN, DIET and DIABETES

In some way, the type of food eaten by humans is related to the functions of our organs, our general corporality and our state of mind. According to the Australian researcher Felice Jacka, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCAzzhOg-xk, the children (1 1/2-5 years), of pregnant women who consumed junk food (high fat and abundant sugar),  turned out to be more aggressive, prone to tantrums and at the same time more fearful. However, the type of food eaten is not only related to the mentioned changes. Recently, the researcher Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi (Stony Brooks Universityy/Lab for Computational Neurodiagnostics) and collaborators, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913042117 investigated whether the type of  ingested diet was capable of optimally maintaining the functionality of the brain neural networks, improving neural functional communication, when the dietary fuel (usually glucose) is exchanged for ketones, being recognized  ever since: the optimal functionality of neural networks, as a biomarker of brain aging. Previous studies have shown that the destabilization of the brain neural networks conditions a decrease in brain activity and cognitive acuity, effect being noted from the age of 47, with more rapid destabilization from the age of 60. DOI: https: //doi.org/ 10.1016 / S2213-8587 (13) 70192-X. In the case of type 2 diabetics (DM2), with insulin resistance, the possibility has been raised that glucose elevation (poorly controlled), is an early risk factor for dementia in adulthood due to rapid decrease in memory, reasoning and cognition doi: 10.1212 / WNL.0b013e3181f25f06, so some researchers think that dementia might even be a metabolic disease. To demonstrate  the influence of diet type on optimal maintenance of the functionality of brain neural networks required using large-scale functional magnetic resonance datasets and scanning a cohort provided with a standard diet, night fast, and ketogenic diet and another independent cohort, with overnight fasting before and after administration of an exogenous bolus of ketone ester (D-β-hydroxybutyrate), equal in calories to that provided by a type of diet based   in glucose. In this study, the functionality of human brain neural networks was destabilized by glucose and stabilized by ketone, regardless of whether ketosis was achieved with a ketogenic diet or exogenous ketone esters, the results suggesting that destabilization of neural networks  may reflect early signs of hypometabolism associated with dementia due to persistent glucose elevation, as occurs in uncontrolled DM2, indicating that the destabilization of neural networks could be an adaptive response of the brain in order to conserve energy in the face of scarcity of resources. This study clarifies how diet influences brain aging, explaining how insulin resistance in poorly controlled diabetics accelerates the progression of cognitive decline as people age. A deterioration possibly related to hypometabolism of brain glucose, reversed by another type of ketone-based diet, which by increasing the available energy, prevent early brain aging. Young people who eat mainly junk food could be another group of beneficiaries, provided they switch to diets containing polyunsaturated fatty acids: fat from certain fish, vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, etc.

IMMUNITY AND CORONAVIRUS

WHAT  THE COVID-19  IS LEAVING IN PERU. 

After reviewing several papers, watching national and international videoconferences and scrutinizing ideas related to the clinic and treatment of the Covid-19 epidemic, we were left with some clear things, which in descending order of importance are: 1) Epidemiological measures. 2) Immunity: anti-virus vaccines, infusion of hyperimmune plasmas. of convalescent human to certain coronavirus infected people.  3) Knowledge (even scarce) of the structure and function of viruses 4) Molecular tests and mathematical calculations 5) Investigations carried out in the same field of events. We will comment on the first 2 items. I) Knowing that viral pandemics are directly related to the increase in population density (https://www.uta.edu/math/_docs/preprint/2014/rep2014_05.pdf): -decrease it, is essential- although the effectiveness of this measure varies according to the economic and educational condition of each country. In developing nations such as Peru, the success of social confinement is hampered by the aforementioned inequalities, especially by the urgent daily economic needs. Although in Peru, a national health emergency law was established early (https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/decreto-supremo-que-declara-en-emergencia-sanitaria-a-nivel-decreto-supremo-n-008- 2020-sa-1863981-2 /), that established social isolation, its compliance was strictly observed in certain districts of Lima and the rest of the country, more economically fluent. These, having housed the first imported cases, showed a moderate rise in the epidemiological curve, which has currently slowed down, anticipating that this first group would begin to travel from the descending part of the curve since mid-June. The same is not happening in the poorest and most densely populated districts of Lima and some departments of Peru (70% of the Peruvian population) http://noticias.essalud.gob.pe/?inno-noticia=asentamientos-humanos-son -the-new-concentration-points-of-the-covid-19-according-to-the-heat-map, whose cases began to increase 3 weeks after those of the first group, originating because of the above :a steepening and prolongation of the ascending part of the curve that, as some  mathematicians explain, is destined to undergo a stop in the coming weeks, and after crossing the plateau, begin a general decline, not without some obstacles generated in markets (https: // management. pe / peru / politics / coronavirus-peru-10-markets-in-lima-identified-as-foci-of-contagion-of-covid-19-nndc-news /), buses, pharmacies, building elevators multi-family, etc). II) Immunity: a) Taking into account that the Covid-19 virus produces an asymptomatic clinical course in 80% of those infected (https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/noticias/159364-minsa-case -confirmed-by-coronavirus-cov19-amount-to-104-020-in-the-peru-reported-n-106 (usually under 50 years), it is concluded that this process -luck of natural selection- tolerates the strongest and eliminates the weakest. Rethinking the positive aspects of the aforementioned process has applications in the current pandemic - which will be repeated in the coming years – being the fundamental thing  to ensure that our immune system adapts to that of the virus, establishing a  coexistence human-virus,  subject to a single rule, except for responsibilities to the virus, if our immune system is weakened b) Taking into account  that prophylactic and therapeutic medical treatment lacks consensus and is mostly symptomatic, at the moment the most solid therapy against coronavirus is the creation of a vaccine  under the rules of acquired immunity. Vaccine production currently suffers from two problems: delay in producing it and considering that efficacy of  dead or attenuated  cannot be predicted with certainty. According to the expert: Christine Stabell Benn https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d8PNlXHJ48), the use of live antigens, banned by the WHO, give protection for 15 years and are 96% effective. In our country a vaccine is being produced with protein extracts from the virus crown (dead virus) https://rpp.pe/vital/salud/coronavirus-cuanto-tiempo-tardara-el-desarrollo-de-una-vacuna- against-the-covid-19-news-1263525

c) Type of problems that induces us to locate the infusion of hyperimmune plasma from convalescent humans: secondly, by being able to reverse the severity of the viral symptom-symptomatology, in 24 hours. Any level III hospital is able to prepare this plasma using a simple method, provided you have informed consent, the blood fractionation machine and a trained hematologist or pathologist. https://www.latercera.com/que-pasa/noticia/primer-paciente-recuperado-de-covid-19-con-tratamiento-de-plasma-ayer-me-estaba-muriendo-y-hoy-me- feel-almost-magically-very-well/Q52HIGGIYNAGFCQPTBIM37YEJQ/ d) On the other hand, some scientists argue that attenuated BCG vaccination https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2020/03/27/australians-trial-tb -vaccine-to-fight-coronavirus.html provides protection not only against tuberculosis but also against viruses, fungi and some types of cancer. e) We need to know more about the virus. For now and according to Luc Montagnier, Nobel Prize in Medicine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hv4j_ORrdk0, some antigenic sequences of the current coronavirus have been artificially replaced by others containing HIV RNA, supposedly made in a laboratory of China, processes that would have endowed the coronavirus with a greater infectivity. Fortunately and according to Montagnier himself, nature only supports a certain order where this bizarre virus does not fit, so the self-elimination of HIV sequences, are almost certain, making the virus less  aggressive, thereby ending the pandemic.

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT A CORONAVIRUS VACCINE

COVID-19 and GLYCANS

Although the task of successfully coping with the virus causing the Covid-19 pandemic, exhibits several scenarios. One important area is to continue to unravel the biology of coronaviruses. 1) We subscribe  this potential definition of viruses: proto-life nanostructures, containing glycans (sugars) and peptides or proteins with special conformations: semi-helices (counterparts of DNA or RNA), subject to the laws of physics and chemistry, inactive in the environment, but capable of becoming reproductively active, when under certain contexts,  are conditioned to couple with their counterparts: DNA or RNA semi-helices, located inside human, animal or plant cells, where they self-replicate using the capacities of the respective genomes. 2) It is important  to discover the reasons that drive the virus to enter the human respiratory tract, usually without damaging it by settling in the pulmonary alveoli: a) because the cells of the immune system in these areas are late to generate an immune response or because the virus by knowing the responses of the immune system (thanks to previous coronavirus experiences), hides or eliminates its vulnerable points, making it invisible to the immune attack. b) It is important  also to know the energetic foundations of the viral movements. Lacking energy generation pathways and mitochondria, the virus would seek to use the  energy generated by electron gain or loss feasible to occur during iron oxidation or that generated by the conformational change of heme group porphyrins during iron oxidation that changes from ferrous to ferric, when venous blood passes through the periphery of the alveoli trying to oxygenate itself as much as possible. One or another thing, it would be happening by  judging the report of Jordana Cepelewicz (Staff Writer, Quantamagazine), who recounts the recent investigations of various teams of researchers, focused on the complex and changing structures of glycans (sugars of the virus), identified as tree covers in charge of hiding and protecting vulnerable parts of the polypeptide or protein section inserted and folded inside the viral structure. A protective shield (See Max Crispin), against the attack of the immune system (See Alexandra C. Walls), to the point of currently considering that a vaccine directed against only the peptide or protein fraction would not be advantageous. rendering the vaccine ineffective. While viral proteins or peptides assemble as counterparts to known templates, glycans do not need known templates, as they potentially have more configurations than DNA and RNA. For now, these glycans are known to play a role in interactions with other molecules and cells, activating, regulating and directing the immune response, helping proteins to fold properly, promoting the adequacy of cell surface receptors to their needs, role in determining the human blood type, being involved in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. Any vaccine against HIV requires first to think about its glycans, because this virus tends to cover itself with human glycans that would serve to bypass the immune system. Consider that antibodies usually attack proteins, not sugars, so any coronavirus vaccine should consider glycans to promote an adequate immune response.