Breaktrough Listen

CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE THIRD KIND

Now that the spacecraft: New Horizon allows us to have a close external  and internal view (structure, by analogy) and other data from Pluto, located at the outer limits of our solar system, new avenues are open   for a  large exploration of the  stellar space. We have reached a certain limit, now  we want to see and know more. So far, the following goals: I) The search of similar planets to the Earth with  space probes equipped with energy supply systems (not just, solar), of  higher quality and more duration. II) To create a more realistic spatial mapping, correcting the defects caused by gravity, that  impacting  on light, distorts the actual location of many stellar bodies. III) Intensify the search of  intelligent life beyond our solar system, taking into account  that the Earth is just a point immersed in the interior of  millions of galaxies and billions of billions of stars inside which  carbonaceous compounds exist everywhere, constantly creating organic molecules. The possibility of extraterrestrial life is possible, because  our familiar concepts of physics and chemistry are applied throughout the cosmos. Although it will be relatively easier to find bacterial, plant and perhaps animal life, the most shocking  finding will be to discover intelligent life like ours or perhaps more advanced civilizations. Having just our solar system 5 billion years of existence and the known universe: 15 000 million years, it is likely to raise the existence of intelligent life previous to ours. The encounter with an alien civilization will be a shock and a challenge to our humanity, so it is of utmost necessity, be globally prepared for such a meeting to deal with the consequences of such an event in the best possible way. The search of  intelligent life is not exhausted, because it barely extends about 200 light years, while the unexplored center of the Milky Way is 25,000 light years away from  Earth. If,  there is no life in the Milky Way,  there are  hundreds of billions of other galaxies to explore. Carl Sagan said that life on other planets can be suspected if we see on the surface of them  four biomarkers: greenish by chlorophyll,  water (or similars: liquid methane), carbon and oxygen. Technology has added a fifth technological marker.  The launch of the Project  Breaktrough Listen, by Stephen Hawking and the Russian billionaire Yuri Milner endowed with 100 billion over 10 years to search for intelligent life beyond our solar system, will begin on  December 2015, employing 5 hours daily to capture and interpret repetitive radio waves, TV and laser from the center of the Milky Way to  closest stars of  our solar system, using two of the most powerful existing radio telescopes. The project also strives to promote talks between experts in order to  prepare better for such an encounter inevitably sooner or later. This is an important contribution after the  launch of  the golden phonograph record, attached to the space probes Voyager 1 and 2, Breaktrough Listen, expressed the need of  precise answers to this contingency in all possible areas being an  encounter with bacterial life or with a more advanced civilization. A  civilization similar to ours will compete with us, a  more advanced besides given us an  understanding that our present humanity is just a short episode in our evolution, could help us  and also  submit us to them.

ENCUENTROS CERCANOS DEL TERCER TIPO

Ahora que la sonda espacial : New Horizon nos permite tener  una visión muy cercana de la estructura externa,  interna (por analogía) y    otros datos de  Plutón, ubicado  en  los limites externos de nuestro sistema solar, se abren   nuevas avenidas  para la  exploración in extenso  del  espacio estelar. Hemos llegado a cierto  límite, ahora  queremos ver y saber más. De momento las metas siguientes son: I) Búsqueda de sistemas solares parecidos al nuestro  con sondas espaciales dotadas de  sistemas de aprovisionamiento energético  (no solo, solar), de mayor calidad y duración. II) Crear una cartografía espacial  más real, corrigiendo los defectos ocasionados por la gravedad, la que  al incidir sobre la luz,  distorsiona  la ubicación real de muchos cuerpos estelares. III) Intensificar la búsqueda de vida inteligente mas allá de nuestro sistema solar,  teniendo en cuenta que la Tierra es apenas un punto inmerso entre millones de galaxias y  billones de billones de estrellas en cuyo interior,  compuestos carbonaceos existentes por doquier,  crean constantemente moléculas orgánicas. La posibilidad de vida extraterrestre es factible, en  tanto nuestros   conocidos conceptos de física y química  se aplican en  todo el cosmos. Aunque será relativamente más fácil encontrar  vida bacteriana,  vegetal y quizás  animal,  el hallazgo  más   impactante   será  descubrir  vida inteligente parecida a la nuestra o tal vez civilizaciones más avanzadas. Al tener  nuestro sistema solar apenas   5000 millones de años de existencia y el universo conocido: 15 000 millones de años, es  factible plantear la existencia de vida inteligente  anterior a la  nuestra. El encuentro con una  civilización extraterrestre será un shock y un desafío para nuestra humanidad, por lo que es de suma necesidad, prepararse  globalmente para tal  encuentro  a fin de afrontar las consecuencias de tal evento del  mejor modo posible.  La búsqueda de vida inteligente no está agotada,  apenas  se extiende a unos   200 años luz, mientras el  inexplorado centro  de la Vía Láctea esta a 25,000 años luz de la Tierra. Por lo demás, si   no hay vida en la Vía Láctea puede haberla en cientos de billones de otras galaxias.  Carl Sagan decía que la vida en otros planetas vistas desde la  Tierra tendría cuatro biomarcadores: coloración verdosa por  la clorofila,  presencia de  agua (o similares: metano liquido), carbono y oxigeno. La tecnología ha añadido un quinto marcador, de factura tecnológica. El lanzamiento del Proyecto Breaktrough Listen por parte de Stephen Hawking y el  billonario ruso Yuri Milner dotado  con  100 millones de dólares durante 10 años,  para buscar  vida inteligente mas allá de nuestro sistema solar,  empleara desde  Diciembre del 2015, 5 horas diarias  en captar e interpretar   ondas repetitivas de radio,  TV y laser procedentes del centro de la Vía Láctea y de las  estrellas más cercanas a nuestro sistema solar, empleando 2 de los más potentes radiotelescopios actuales. El proyecto pugna además por   promover conversaciones entre expertos a fin de prepararnos mejor para tal encuentro inevitable más tarde o más temprano. Aparte de ser una importante  continuación al lanzamiento del disco fonográfico de oro,  adherido a las  sondas espaciales  Voyager 1 y 2, Breaktrough Listen,  expresa la necesidad de contar  con respuestas precisas para esta contingencia en todos los ámbitos posibles sea el encuentro con vida  bacteriana o con  una civilización más avanzada.  Una civilización similar  a la nuestra competiría con nosotros, una más avanzada aparte de hacernos entender  que nuestra humanidad actual es apenas  un corto episodio en nuestra evolución,  podría ayudarnos,  pero también someternos. 

ALIEN LIFE

Tomorrow will be hold a meeting related to the possible existence of extraterrestrial life, sponsored by NASA. Possibility that with the help of interstellar broadening of knowledge, takes shape every day. At the moment it appears that they are not ideal planetary environments required for the existence of life. It will be enough few requirements: water and energy sources. We are not talking about interstellar multicellular organisms, only about single-celled bacteria within which highlights the extremophiles. Within speakers will be Simon Felisa Wolfe (Exo/Evo/ NASA-Astrobiology) and Pamela Conrad, 2 remarkable astrobiologists. Felisa Wolfe will talk about germs that inhabit the coastal mud of Mono Lake (Yosemite Park/Sierra Nevada/USA), known for its high concentration of natural Arsenic:As, where there are bacteria that feed on this element (quite apart from phosphorus:P) and whose way of identifying is genetic sequencing. As is chemically similar to P and easily incorporated into the cells. The other expert is Pamela Conrad who has studied bacteria subsisting on artic permafrost. Certain terrestrial environment are not very different from Mars after all. If the proposals of both astrobiologists are correct at interstellar level, the concept of life will vary immediately. It will not be important if a living thing is organic or inorganic, just that it make consistent things, that will reproduce by itself, grow and have free will. A robot equipped with a quantum brain will be part of the definition of life. Organic life will be one of the many variants of life. Concept that fits with ours because we are convinced that we are bio-robots.

VIDA EXTRATERRESTRE

Mañana habrá una exposición relacionada con la posibilidad de existencia de vida extraterrestre, patrocinada por la NASA. Posibilidad que con el ensanchamiento de conocimientos interestelares, cobra cuerpo cada día. De momento se infiere que no son necesarios medios ambientes planetarios ideales, para la existencia de vida. Bastan algunos pocos condicionamientos: agua y fuentes energéticas. No estamos hablando de organismos multicelulares interestelares, solo de simples: bacterias unicelulares dentro de las que destacan las extremófilas. Dentro de los expositores destacan Felisa Wolfe Simon y Pamela Contrad 2 astrobiólogas, de fuste. Felisa Wolfe (Exo/Evo/NASA-Astrobiology), hablará de gérmenes habitúes normales del lodo de áreas costeras de Mono Lake (Yosemite Park/Sierra Nevada/USA), conocida por su alta concentración de Arsénico:As, natural donde subsisten bacterias que se alimentan de este elementp (prescindiendo incluso del fosforo:P) y cuyo modo de identificarlas es la secuenciación genética. Químicamente el As es similar al P, incorporándose con facilidad al interior de las células. La otra experta es Pamela Conrad que ha estudiado bacterias ubicadas en el permafrost ártico. Ciertos medio terrestres no son muy diferentes al marciano después de todo. Si las propuestas de Wolfe y Conrad son correctas a nivel interestelar, el concepto de vida variará de inmediato. No interesará mucho si un ente viviente es orgánico o inorgánico, solo que haga cosas coherentes, que se autoreproduzca y tenga libre albedrio. Un robot dotado de un cerebro cuántico formará parte de la definición de vida. La vida orgánica será una de las tantas variantes de vida. Concepto que encaja con el nuestro ya que estamos convencidos que somos bio-robots.

ALIEN LIFE: A REAL POSSIBILITY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWtWwN6HATk

A group of prominent american scientists, under protection of the National Research Council, considers viable the existence of alternating life (with small or, great biochemical differences) u, others variants non-based on metabolisms or structures bound to Carbon, biodisolvents (similar to water) or systems similar to earth molecular found buildings ; ideas and definitions suggested years back, by other scientists (life, is all semiopened material system, able to accumulate energy of the surroundings, to store it, to modify it, generating self-replicates of its structure with capacity or not, of random variability). The committee that advises first to look for early earth life forms in deserts, subsoil of marine bottoms), of our own planet, adds in: “The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems”, published yesterday by the National Research Council: 1) Planets and moons exist, with water or, other biosolvents sign tracks: Hydrogen fluoride (H2F, although little), liquid NH3 or, formalin (able to dissolve substances to the interior of an organism). The NH3 or the CH4, has predisposition to act well in cold planets, feeding organisms with little energy of activation. The probe Huygens who visited Titan (2005), found CH4 bathing its surface, as well as mixtures of H2O-NH3 pouring from its interior. It matters not to hope to find similar life to ours. In as much the existence of great number of abundant active water geysers in Enceladus exists, this moon can lodge life. 2) Although our earth DNA uses Phosphorus (P), in their structure, the possibility exists of replacing it, with Arsenic :As (Adenosine tri-arsenite, instead ATP). 3) Although organic life is potentially easiest to build in the universe, the N (abundant in certain planets), can replace the C.

4) Single, non-metals (H, B, C, N, O, S, Si, P, S.As), can form long chains of great solidity, despite, to be later hidrolized. 5) By its smallness and great capacity of connection the H, is seen as an essential element in any form of exobiológic life. 6) Where S abounds, it can replace to O. 7) The C can be replaced by (Silicon: Si), that has 4 points for different connections, although by their greater size these unions will not be so stable. In prebiótic atmospheres nevertheless the emergency of SiH4 is possible. In silicon structures, the H can be replaced by carbon groups or alquilos, in cold. Unlike CO2, the SiO2 is a solid and not a gas which will complicate the metabolism. The SiO2 can form long chains adaptable warm up environments being possible to connect to these HC or FC. One does not hope that Si-Si structures exhibit great variety or manage to conform great chains and rings. The book exposes also the discrepancies of Dr. Michael Meyer, who thinks that astrobiólogists must be limit their search to forms of life based on C (abundant element in the Universe). 7) Although our earth DNA consists of 4 compound chemistries (nucleótides), some experiments in synthetic biology have managed to create structures with 6 or but nucleótides able to lodge genetic information and potentially to bear darwinian evolutions. 8) Certain chemical studies, that demonstrate that an organism can use alternating forms of energy (sodium hidroxide or, hydrochlorate acid), sustain the thesis of the possible existence of organisms with metabolisms non-based on C. 9) Most scientists, assumes that in early stages, life based on RNA existed, of a single chain. The present DNA could have eliminated these forms of life, by competition. Today, could exist life forms based on RNA in the subsurface of marine oceans or in extreme areas, says Dr. John A. Baross. 10) The scientists are urged to build new biodetectors able to locate life accurately (components of light, C, H, Or, C, P, As, S and organic Carbon). It would be tragic not to find life in planets, because astronauts will not be able to recognize it.