BATS AND ITS EXTENDED LIFE SPAN

Taken from Nature

 BATS  AND THE FIGHT AGAINST  COVID-19

According to several ecologists, http://www.fao.org/3/a0789s03.html ,  animals that populated the Earth before humans, had a prolonged contact with viruses establishing between them an adaptation or peaceful coexistence thanks to adaptation of their genetic and immune systems. When in recent decades, humans began to ruthlessly predate and pollute nature and take the lives of thousands of animals, viruses adapted to them were forced to seek other bodily habitats to survive, leading to: 1) Terrifying pandemics in humans until they manage to adapt their genetic and immune systems to viruses, establishing an adaptation or peaceful coexistence with viruses, hoping that : 2) With the help of science we will understand the reason for being of the viruses and the characteristics of animal virus reservoirs. In this sense, initially orienting oneself  towards the study of the genomes of bats is an illuminating idea, since certain groups of viruses that cause great morbidity and mortality are housed in the Ferreungulata group of mammals, which includes: dogs, cats, seals , pangolins, bats, etc. An idea concretized in the formation of the Bat1K consortium https://bat1k.ucd.ie/, a global group of scientists, committed to sequencing the genomes of 1,421 species of bats, of which 6 have been precisely sequenced so far, thanks to the tenacious work of David Jebb (Center for Systems Biology Dresden/Max Planck Inst. for Cell Biology and Genetics), Emma Teeling (Biologist/University College Dublin), Sonja Vernes (Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication/Max Planck Institute), and others, who using the new technology DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center Max Planck Institute/Germany), https://dresden-concept.de/genome-center/?lang=en , sequenced the DNA of 6 species of bats, identifying their genes with accuracy (98%), in the correct order, with an unprecedented quality, showing for the first time, the encoded genetic material of bats,  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2486-3 , their unique adaptations: ability to fly, use sound to move effortlessly in the dark, survive and tolerate deadly diseases, extend their lifespan and resist cancer, being identified  genomic changes associated with unique adaptations, looking for genetic differences between bats and other mammals, genetic regions that evolved differently in bats, with loss or gain of genes, changes in auditory genes, to improve their echolocation, to hunt and navigate in the dark, antiviral gene expansions, immune gene selections and loss of inflammation genes, endowing bats with an exceptional immunity to tolerate viruses, apart from the finding of fossilized viruses in their genomes. An intense work,  in which Teely and collaborators took blood samples from bats at different stages of their lives by placing a chip on their legs, in search of vital biomarkers, performing various molecular tests finding that: 1) unlike most mammals where their telomeres shorten after each cell division, triggering the need to die by becoming senescent cells, which no longer replicate and attract healthy cells by aging them, the telomeres of bats do not shorten with age, when cells divide and they also do not have cancer, finding that 2 of their genes: TX and ATM, continue to evolve. 2)  compared to the mitochondrial theory that maintains that free radicals have the ability to destroy mitochondria, in bats, their mitochondria develop mechanisms that limit the deleterious effects of free radicals. 3) The sequencing of all blood transcriptomes revealed changes that keep their DNA current as they age, as well as an increase in their ability to repair their DNAs. 4) While in other mammals their microbiomes change for the worse, the bat microbiome does not change with age 5) Bats, present an active autophagy, capable of removing protein and cellular damage. 6) They maintain a balanced immune system, aimed at maintaining homeostasis, canceling the inflammation produced by their high metabolism, demonstrated by their high production of TNF and IL, solidifying the use in humans of anti-inflammatory drugs in Covid-19 disease, according to the stage of disease.

COVID-19, AGAIN

RETHINKING THE VIRUS

I-A vast number of scientists agree that the predation of nature started with the industrial age and was facilitated by contemporary globalization (deforestation of forests and jungles, pollution of the sea, corruption of the land by mining waste, of space with space debris, emergence of holes in the ozone layer, darkening of our skies by industrial smog, global warming with lysis of glaciers, extinction of certain animal species), has changed nature, making it inhospitable. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of-use#LAA. So, soon after the Covid-19 pandemic started, it was easy to see countless dolphins, pelicans and other birds, on the coasts of quarantined countries, a sign of the ongoing misfortune (they came for food and to recover their inheritances). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Coemvp8X4YQ It is that, for thousands of years, the corporality of animals and the structure of vegetables was the first defensive mattress against fierce viral attacks. The viruses attacked the animals that populated the earth before humans https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svlKm4S1M3Y&t=2414s because their complex bodies allowed them to reproduce. After a prolonged fight, the animals generated their own defenses and varied natural immune strategies, establishing a mutually beneficial virus-animal coexistence. When time passed, the viruses realized that the animals were decimated and cornered, they opted for the obvious: to replace animals   with the increasingly numerous humans, lately living in metropolises with high population density. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025556413001235 While SARS (2002) and MERS (2012) were exploratory coronaviruses, Covid-19, like others in progress, with more confidence and better strategies are here to stay. II-In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic and others to come, obvious proposals emerge: a) The first is to convene a global forum in which, at the same time that we discuss preventive proposals to improve global human health, we also take into account the entire health of planet Earth, which we should see as a properly shared, distributed and cared for whole (Gaia hypothesis), https://courses.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/Courses/EPS281r/Sources/Gaia/Gaia -hypothesis-wikipedia.pdf in which all human activities should be seen in a different, healthier, more ecological way, starting with mass wind and solar energy, instead of oil-derived pollutants, preserving world forests and jungles, promote democratic coexistence of all human races and minority groups, compromise and harmony with all plant animal species, but also with bacteria and viruses, in such a way that all beings alive -not only humans- will be the end and not the means. III. Preventing and fighting the pandemics to come also implies giving answers to unresolved questions. Regarding viruses: a) Why are viruses selectively attracted to cellular genomes? What does it mean for a virus's RNA to perfectly match the DNA of a cell and reproduce? A phenomenon that happens to parts that were once a whole. b) Where do viruses come from? Are they incomplete remains of dead animals or vegetables? Recycled paleofossils? If so, the cremation of all living dead beings could be a solution. c) The presence of a genome within viruses makes them computable, that is, predictable, with respect to their actions. If so, then the number of its potential mutations and even the severity of its infectivity could be calculated. d) The permanence of viruses in the animal and human genome helped to evolve the latter? Perhaps, by finding answers to these questions, we can take leaps and bounds in this regard and not just be relying on vaccines. We need scientific dissertations and reflections, with perspective.

IVF with dead sperm:good.

The news of the intent to carry out fertilizations in vitro (IVF), employing dead spermatozoa (until now the sperm mobility is the most accepted measure of sperm´s health), has an answer of our part: the conceived in this manner will be born alive and healthy. For us the concept of alive or dead cannot be defined by a few rules. The concept has to see a lot with the environment. A semidead spermatozoon will revive if it is encircled by a healthy environment and vice versa. A virus without human hosts will die and vice versa.

Fertilización exitosa con esperma muerto.

La noticia del intento de realizar fertilizaciones in vitro (IVF), empleando espermatozoides muertos (hasta hoy la movilidad espermática es la medida más aceptada de salud de los espermatozoides), tiene una respuesta de parte nuestra : los concebidos de esta manera nacerán vivos y sanos. Para nosotros el concepto de vivo o muerto no puede ser definido por una cuantas reglas. El concepto tiene que ver mucho con el medio ambiente. Un espermatozoide semimuerto, revivirá si está circundado por un medio ambiente saludable y viceversa. Un virus sin humanos hospederos morirá y viceversa.